During a woman's 34th week of pregnancy, she is told that she has preeclampsia. The nurse knows which statement concerning preeclampsia is true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Untreated preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, which can have serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus, including restriction of fetal growth. Edema is common in pregnancy but is not a specific indicator of preeclampsia. Eclampsia can occur before or after delivery, not just before.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Screening is recommended starting at age 21 regardless of sexual activity. The rationale for this is based on evidence-based guidelines from organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). These guidelines recommend that women should begin cervical cancer screening with a Pap test at age 21, regardless of sexual activity. Starting screening at age 21 allows for the detection of precancerous changes in the cervix while minimizing unnecessary tests and procedures in younger women. Option A) It is recommended that screening for cervical cancer begin at age 25 is incorrect because waiting until age 25 may delay the detection of cervical abnormalities that could progress to cancer in younger individuals. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to be aware of current guidelines for cervical cancer screening and be able to provide accurate information to patients. By understanding the rationale behind the recommended age for starting Pap tests, nurses can effectively educate young women about the importance of early detection and preventive health measures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of early pregnancy, the correct answer to the question is option B) human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is of highest concern during this time because it can lead to genital warts and increases the risk of cervical cancer, which can have significant implications for both the mother and the developing fetus. Educationally, it is important to understand that HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection that can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth, potentially causing respiratory issues in the newborn. Options A, C, and D (chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea) are all sexually transmitted infections that can have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. However, in the context of early pregnancy, the immediate concern related to HPV is the potential for cervical changes and cancer development. Chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea are also important to screen for and treat in pregnancy to prevent complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal infections. Understanding the specific risks and implications of each infection in early pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and interventions to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Regular screening, early detection, and prompt treatment of sexually transmitted infections are essential components of prenatal care to promote maternal and fetal health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In early pregnancy, it is crucial for nurses to provide accurate information and guidance to support the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. The correct answer, option A, advises the 30-year-old woman to start getting screened with a Papanicolaou test every 3 years. This recommendation aligns with current guidelines that suggest women aged 30-65 with normal Pap smears can extend screening intervals to every 3-5 years when coupled with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Option B, suggesting annual screening, is incorrect as it does not reflect the updated guidelines that support less frequent Pap smear testing for women in this age group with normal results. Option C is incorrect because regular cervical cancer screening remains important even after age 30, particularly when considering the risk of HPV infections. Option D is also incorrect as a 5-year interval is not the recommended frequency for Pap smear testing in this scenario. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of staying current with evidence-based guidelines and adapting practice accordingly. It emphasizes the role of nurses in providing accurate information to empower patients to make informed decisions about their health and screening practices. By understanding and applying the most up-to-date recommendations, nurses can contribute to promoting optimal health outcomes for women during pregnancy and beyond.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question about obtaining valid information during a 24-hour diet recall in early pregnancy, option A, "What did you put on your spaghetti?" is the most appropriate choice. This question allows for open-ended responses and provides a broad overview of the individual's dietary choices. It encourages the person to recall all the components of their meal, not just whether there was meat or cheese. Option B, "Was the spaghetti with meat sauce?" is more limiting as it focuses only on one specific aspect of the meal, potentially missing other important details. Option C, "Were there meatballs with the spaghetti?" is also limiting and assumes a specific type of meat. Option D, "Did you sprinkle cheese on your spaghetti?" is similarly restrictive and only focuses on the presence of cheese. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to ask open-ended questions during dietary assessments to gather comprehensive and accurate information. Open-ended questions like option A allow individuals to provide detailed responses, which is particularly important during pregnancy when dietary intake plays a significant role in maternal and fetal health. By encouraging detailed recall, nurses can better assess nutritional adequacy and identify any potential deficiencies or complications early on.