During a visit to the clinic, a woman in her seventh month of pregnancy complains that her legs feel 'heavy in the calf' and that she often has foot cramps at night. The nurse notices that the patient has dilated, tortuous veins apparent in her lower legs. Which condition is reflected by these findings?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Varicose veins. The woman's symptoms of heavy legs, foot cramps, and dilated, tortuous veins in the lower legs are classic signs of varicose veins. Varicose veins occur due to weakened valves in the veins, leading to pooling of blood and vein enlargement. Deep-vein thrombophlebitis (choice A) presents with redness, warmth, and swelling in the affected limb, which are not mentioned. Lymphedema (choice C) is characterized by persistent swelling, typically in one limb, due to lymphatic system dysfunction, not dilated veins. Raynaud phenomenon (choice D) involves episodes of reduced blood flow to extremities, causing color changes and numbness, which are not indicated in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Focused or problem-centered database. When dealing with an ambulatory, apparently well individual presenting with a rash at an outpatient clinic, a focused or problem-centered database is appropriate. This type of data collection focuses on the specific health issue or problem at hand, which in this case is the rash. It involves gathering information related to the current concern without the need for a comprehensive assessment of all body systems like in a complete database. Follow-up database is not applicable as this is the initial visit. Emergency database is not suitable as the individual is ambulatory and not in a critical condition needing immediate attention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Leverage technology to ensure communication. Your hospital recently invested in video interpreter services. Rationale: 1. Utilizing technology like video interpreter services ensures accurate and real-time communication, overcoming language barriers effectively. 2. Video interpreter services provide professional interpreters who are trained in medical terminology, ensuring accurate transmission of information. 3. It maintains patient confidentiality and adheres to HIPAA regulations by using secure communication platforms. 4. It promotes cultural competency and patient-centered care by facilitating understanding and building trust with the patient. Summary of other choices: A: Identifying a friend or family member can compromise patient confidentiality and accuracy of interpretation. C: Using gestures and simple words may lead to miscommunication, misunderstanding, and potential medical errors. D: Delaying care by calling another floor for a Spanish speaker can jeopardize timely treatment for the patient's chest pain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Froment's sign is a test for ulnar nerve dysfunction. 2. Positive Froment's sign occurs when a person uses their thumb to hold onto an object due to weakened adductor pollicis (innervated by ulnar nerve). 3. Therefore, a positive Froment's sign hints at ulnar nerve injury. Summary: A: Incorrect - Median nerve does not relate to Froment's sign. B: Incorrect - Radial nerve does not relate to Froment's sign. C: Correct - Ulnar nerve is associated with a positive Froment's sign. D: Incorrect - Musculocutaneous nerve does not relate to Froment's sign.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Choice A: The ACL prevents backward sliding of the femur by attaching from the back of the femur to the front of the tibia. When the knee is flexed, it prevents the femur from sliding backward on the tibia, providing stability. Summary of other choices: B: Incorrect, as the ACL primarily limits anterior translation of the tibia on the femur, not external rotation. C: Incorrect, as the ACL tightens with extension and loosens in flexion to provide stability. D: Incorrect, as ACL deficiency can lead to instability and increased pressures on the posterior menisci, not the anterior menisci.