During a therapy group that uses existential/Gestalt theory, patients shared feelings that occurred at the time of their admission. After a brief silence, one member says, "Several people have described feeling angry. I would like to hear from members who had other feelings." Which group role is evident by this comment?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The member is encouraging participation from others and encouraging input from others. An energizer encourages the group to make decisions or take an action. The compromiser focuses on reducing or resolving conflict to preserve harmony. A self-confessor verbalizes feelings or observations unrelated to the group.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) increased stress due to excessive sympathy. In the context of nursing, prolonged exposure to clients' grief and loss can lead to a phenomenon known as compassion fatigue. This occurs when nurses become emotionally overwhelmed by constantly empathizing with their patients' suffering. While empathy is a crucial aspect of nursing care, excessive sympathy without proper emotional boundaries can result in increased stress levels for the nurse. Option A) decreased empathy and emotional detachment is incorrect because prolonged exposure to grief and loss is more likely to lead to heightened emotional sensitivity rather than emotional detachment. Nurses often become more empathetic over time, but this can also lead to compassion fatigue. Option C) enhanced coping skills and emotional resilience is incorrect because while some nurses may develop coping mechanisms and resilience, it is more common for prolonged exposure to grief and loss to result in increased stress and emotional strain. Option D) unchanged emotional state and unaffected work performance is incorrect as it is unrealistic to expect nurses to remain unaffected by the emotional challenges they face in their work. Nursing inherently involves emotional labor, and it is essential for nurses to acknowledge and address the impact of their work on their well-being. Educationally, understanding the potential impact of prolonged exposure to grief and loss on nurses is crucial for fostering self-awareness and promoting strategies for self-care and emotional regulation. By recognizing the signs of compassion fatigue and implementing healthy coping mechanisms, nurses can better navigate the emotional demands of their profession and maintain their well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mental illness can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, or both. Mental illness may be related to individual, interpersonal, or social/cultural factors. Excessive dependency on or withdrawal from relationships are interpersonal factors that relate to mental illness. Individuals suffering from mental illness can feel overwhelmed with daily life. Individuals suffering from mental illness may experience dissatisfaction with relationships and self.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In 1775, visitors at St. Mary's of Bethlehem were charged a fee for viewing and ridiculing the mentally ill, who were seen as animals, less than human. Custodial care was not often provided as persons who were considered harmless were allowed to wander in the countryside or live in rural communities, and more dangerous lunatics were imprisoned, chained, and starved. In early Christian times, primitive beliefs and superstitions were strong. The mentally ill were viewed as evil or possessed. Priests performed exorcisms to rid evil spirits, and in the colonies, witch hunts were conducted with offenders burned at the stake. It was not until the period of enlightenment when persons who were mentally ill were offered asylum as a safe refuge or haven offering protection at institutions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Basic-level functions include counseling, milieu therapy, self-care activities, psychobiologic interventions, health teaching, case management, and health promotion and maintenance. Advanced-level functions include psychotherapy, prescriptive authority for drugs, consultation and liaison, evaluation, program development and management, and clinical supervision.