ATI RN
Endocrine System Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
During a routine clinical visit, a healthy asymptomatic 6-year-old boy is found to have fasting blood glucose of 110 mg/dL; he has normal oral glucose tolerance test, no glycosuria, and HgbA1c of 6.4%. This child is MOST likely considered to have
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Impaired fasting glucose is defined as fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL with normal glucose tolerance, fitting this case. Normal OGTT rules out impaired glucose tolerance (B) and type 1 DM (D); HgbA1c of 6.4% is below diabetic range (E), and sporadic hyperglycemia (C) is not a standard diagnosis.
Question 2 of 5
A 12-year-old male adolescent is found to have short stature; lab tests and radiological study confirms idiopathic growth hormone (GH) deficiency. You decide to start treatment with biosynthetic recombinant DNA-derived GH. This adolescent is especially at high risk for development of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: GH therapy increases risk of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in adolescents due to rapid growth plate changes. Pseudotumor cerebri (A) is rare, leukemia (B) link is debated, carpal tunnel (C) is adult-related, and diabetes (D) is not a primary risk.
Question 3 of 5
A 9-year-old boy develops secondary sexual characteristics manifested by the parents. Examination reveals an enlarged testis of 2.7 cm and presence of pubic and axillary hair. Hormonal assessment reveals increased level of testosterone and gonadotropins. Of the following, an important NEXT step in the management is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Precocious puberty with elevated gonadotropins suggests central precocious puberty; brain MRI is critical to rule out CNS lesions (e.g., tumors) as the cause, making it the next step over other options (A, B, C, E).
Question 4 of 5
A 12-year-old female adolescent is brought to the emergency room because of irritability, paresthesia, and seizure-like state after a psychological trauma. She is conscious with tachypnea and carpopedal spasm. Of the following, the MOST valuable test is the determination of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis (from tachypnea) reduces ionized calcium, causing tetany (carpopedal spasm). Ionized calcium is the most valuable test, as total calcium (A) may be normal, and pH (C), albumin (D), and magnesium (E) are secondary.
Question 5 of 5
Cushing syndrome in children has many causes, either exogenous or endogenous. Of the following, the LEAST likely endogenous cause in children is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nodular adrenal hyperplasia is rare in children as an endogenous cause of Cushing syndrome, unlike adrenal tumors (A, B), pituitary microadenomas (D), or ectopic ACTH tumors (E), which are more common.