During a pelvic examination, the nurse notes that the patient's cervix is irregular and hard to the touch. The nurse's next best action would be to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Referral to a gynecologist for further examination. This is the best course of action because an irregular and hard cervix can indicate various underlying issues such as cervical dysplasia, fibroids, or cervical stenosis. A gynecologist can conduct a more thorough evaluation including additional tests like colposcopy or ultrasound to determine the cause and appropriate treatment. A: Performing a Pap smear test may not provide sufficient information about the specific condition causing the irregularity. C: Completing a cervical cancer screening may not address the immediate concern of the irregular and hard cervix. D: Completing an endometrial biopsy is not indicated for assessing cervical abnormalities, as it focuses on the endometrium rather than the cervix.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of structures that transport urine is from the collecting ducts to the urethra is A: Collecting ducts, Minor calyces, Major calyces, Renal pelvis, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra. This is the correct order because urine is first collected in the collecting ducts in the nephrons, then flows into the minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and finally, the urethra for elimination. The other choices are incorrect because they either reverse the order of the structures or place them in a different sequence than the actual physiological process of urine transport in the urinary system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct path of blood flow in the kidney is from the abdominal aorta to the renal arteries, then to the segmental arteries, followed by interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arteries, glomerulus, efferent arteries, peritubular capillaries, interlobular veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal veins, and finally to the inferior vena cava. Choice C accurately follows this sequential flow of blood, making it the correct answer. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: - Choice A has the incorrect sequence of interlobar and interlobular arteries, which disrupts the correct flow. - Choice B also has an incorrect sequence of interlobar and interlobular arteries, leading to an inaccurate path. - Choice D has the interlobar and interlobular arteries in the wrong order, deviating from the correct blood flow pathway.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Proximal convoluted tubule. Glucose reabsorption primarily occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule due to the presence of specialized glucose transporters. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Glucose is filtered in the glomerulus and enters the renal tubules. 2. In the proximal convoluted tubule, glucose is reabsorbed through sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLT) and facilitated diffusion via glucose transporters (GLUT). 3. The loop of Henle is primarily responsible for water and electrolyte reabsorption, not glucose. 4. The collecting duct mainly concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and electrolytes, not glucose. 5. The distal convoluted tubule is involved in fine-tuning electrolyte balance and regulating acid-base balance, not glucose reabsorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Prostatic hypertrophy causes an enlarged prostate gland. 2. Enlarged prostate can lead to symptoms like straining, loss of force, and sense of residual urine. 3. These symptoms are due to obstruction of the urethra by the enlarged prostate. 4. Polyuria, urgency, dysuria, oliguria, and foul-smelling urine are not typical symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy. Summary: Choice C is correct because it directly relates to the obstructive symptoms caused by prostatic hypertrophy. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the typical symptoms of this condition and are therefore incorrect.