During a musculoskeletal assessment, the nurse notes that the patient has limited range of motion in the shoulder. What is the most likely cause of this finding?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). Frozen shoulder is characterized by pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint, leading to limited range of motion. The condition typically progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing. During the freezing stage, inflammation and scarring of the shoulder capsule cause pain and restricted movement. In contrast, osteoarthritis primarily affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion over time. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune condition that can cause joint inflammation, but it usually affects multiple joints symmetrically. Bursitis involves inflammation of the bursae, fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints, leading to pain and swelling but not necessarily restricted range of motion in the shoulder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Upper airway obstruction. A prolonged inspiratory phase suggests difficulty in inhaling, which is common in upper airway obstructions like a foreign body or swollen tissues. Asthma (A) typically presents with wheezing and expiratory phase prolongation. Pneumonia (B) is characterized by crackles and decreased breath sounds. Pulmonary edema (C) manifests as crackles and shortness of breath. Therefore, based on the prolonged inspiratory phase, the most likely condition is an upper airway obstruction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Blue is for oral and red is for rectal, is correct based on common conventions in medical settings. Electronic thermometers often use color-coded probes to prevent cross-contamination: blue for oral use and red for rectal, reflecting their distinct anatomical applications. Blue and red are both for oral, ignores site-specific hygiene needs. Blue is for rectal and red is for oral, reverses the typical standard. Blue and red are both for rectal, disregards oral measurement needs. This color system aids quick identification, ensuring the oral probe isnt used rectally (risking infection) and vice versa. While manufacturer variations exist, C aligns with widespread nursing practice for clarity and safety, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A pulse deficit is the difference between the apical (heart) and radial (peripheral) pulse rates, indicating not all heartbeats reach the periphery, often due to weak contractions or arrhythmias. Here, an 8 beats/min difference fits this definition. Pulse amplitude describes the strength or volume of the pulse, not a rate difference. Ventricular rhythm refers to the hearts rhythm pattern, not a deficit. Heart arrhythmia is a broad term for irregular rhythms but doesnt specifically denote the apical-radial gap. Choice A is correct as it precisely describes the phenomenon observed, reflecting nursing terminology for documenting discrepancies in pulse assessment. This finding may prompt further cardiac evaluation, highlighting the importance of accurate documentation in patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In emergencies, rapid pulse detection is critical. Carotid is easily accessible, strong, and reliable even in low perfusion, making it standard (e.g., CPR). Apical requires a stethoscope, slowing assessment. Radial may be weak in shock. Temporal is less prominent. Choice A is correct, aligning with emergency protocols (e.g., AHA) for quick, effective pulse checks in urgent scenarios.