During a history, a patient reports rectal bleeding, a warning sign of colorectal cancer. The nurse correlates which clinical finding with colorectal cancer?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because an irregular mass with raised edges on the rectal wall is a common clinical finding associated with colorectal cancer. This mass could be a tumor or polyp, which can lead to rectal bleeding. Option A is incorrect because thick, blood-tinged mucus is more commonly associated with inflammatory conditions. Option B is incorrect as a pus-filled cavity suggests an abscess or infection, not colorectal cancer. Option D is incorrect because a small, smooth nodule is more indicative of hemorrhoids rather than colorectal cancer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Oviparity refers to the reproductive mode where organisms lay eggs that hatch outside the body. Choice D is correct as it describes frogs hatching from shell-covered fertilized eggs within the female's body. This is because frogs lay eggs externally after fertilization, and the eggs hatch into tadpoles outside the female's body. Choices A and B are incorrect as they describe viviparity, where offspring are fully developed at birth and young mammals obtain nourishment from the mother's placenta, respectively. Choice C is incorrect as it describes ovoviviparity, where embryos develop inside eggs within the mother's body but are born live.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because FSH, or Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, stimulates spermatogenesis in males and oocyte maturation in females. In males, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells in the testes to promote the development of sperm cells. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, leading to the release of mature eggs. Choice A is incorrect because FSH is not primarily responsible for the development of gonads during early development. Choice C is incorrect because FSH does not directly increase the secretion of testosterone by the testes; that is the role of LH (Luteinizing Hormone). Choice D is incorrect because FSH does not regulate the secretion of the bulbourethral gland; that is controlled by other hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: gastrula. During the gastrula stage of embryonic development, the blastula undergoes a process called gastrulation, where the three primary germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - are formed. The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system and skin, the mesoderm forms muscles and organs, and the endoderm develops into the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system. Morula (A) is an earlier stage where the zygote divides into multiple cells. Blastula (B) is the stage before gastrula where a hollow ball of cells is formed. Neurula (D) is a stage specific to vertebrate embryos where the neural tube begins to form.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epithelial hyperplasia. Fibrocytic disease involves nonproliferative and proliferative fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. Epithelial hyperplasia is a common proliferative change seen in fibrocystic disease, characterized by increased number of epithelial cells in the ducts and lobules. Apocrine metaplasia, choice A, is another common change in fibrocystic disease but is not specific to morphology. Proliferation of ductules, choice B, is not a characteristic feature of fibrocystic disease. Giant cells, choice D, are not typically associated with fibrocystic changes.