During a fertility evaluation, a patient learns about ovarian stimulation. What does this involve?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because ovarian stimulation involves using medications to increase the number of mature eggs produced. This process is commonly used in fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) to enhance the chances of successful fertilization. By stimulating the ovaries, multiple eggs can be retrieved, increasing the likelihood of successful conception. Choice A is incorrect because suppressing ovulation is not the goal of ovarian stimulation; it is the opposite, to promote egg production. Choice C is incorrect as monitoring hormone levels alone does not involve the use of medications to stimulate egg production. Choice D is incorrect because surgery to retrieve eggs directly from the ovaries is a different procedure known as egg retrieval, not ovarian stimulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because frozen sperm can indeed be stored indefinitely with proper conditions such as constant low temperatures. This allows men to preserve their fertility for an extended period. Choice A is incorrect as sperm freezing is effective for men of all ages, not just those over 40. Choice C is incorrect because sperm quality may decline slightly after freezing and thawing. Choice D is incorrect as properly stored frozen sperm can maintain viability for many years, not just within one year.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Luteal phase support involves supplementing progesterone to maintain the uterine lining, crucial for implantation and early pregnancy support. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation and helps sustain early pregnancy. Other choices are incorrect: A is incorrect as ovulation is triggered by the surge in luteinizing hormone, not luteal phase support. C is incorrect as egg quality is primarily influenced during ovarian stimulation, not luteal phase support. D is incorrect as estrogen is not the primary hormone involved in preventing implantation failure, it is progesterone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because ICSI involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization. This method is used when there are issues with sperm quality or quantity. It is not limited to couples with unexplained infertility (choice A), does not guarantee successful pregnancy (choice C), and does not eliminate the need for ovarian stimulation (choice D). Therefore, choice B is the most accurate explanation of what ICSI entails.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It helps identify genetic abnormalities in embryos before transfer. PGT is used during IVF to screen embryos for genetic conditions, allowing for the selection of healthy embryos for transfer, reducing the risk of passing genetic disorders to offspring. This is a crucial benefit of PGT as it helps in making informed decisions about embryo selection. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because PGT focuses on genetic screening of embryos, not on improving uterine health, eliminating the need for fertility testing, or guaranteeing a healthy pregnancy.