ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
During a blood transfusion, the patient begins to have chills and back pain. What is the nurse™s priority action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse's priority action would be to discontinue the infusion immediately and notify the prescriber. The patient developing chills and back pain during a blood transfusion may be signs of a transfusion reaction, possibly indicating an incompatibility or adverse reaction to the blood product. It is crucial to stop the transfusion to prevent further complications and to notify the prescriber immediately so that appropriate interventions can be initiated promptly. Observing for other symptoms and slowing the infusion rate are secondary actions compared to discontinuing the infusion and informing the prescriber in this situation. Telling the patient that these symptoms are a normal reaction to the blood product is incorrect as the symptoms could indicate a serious issue that needs to be addressed promptly.
Question 2 of 5
What is one of the therapeutic uses of ACE inhibitors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). They work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels. By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors help dilate blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. This makes ACE inhibitors an effective therapeutic option for managing hypertension and its associated complications.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse administers a vaccine to a child. What is the best understanding of the nurse as it relates to the manufacture of this vaccine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vaccines are typically produced using animal cells (e.g., eggs) or microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, yeast) to grow antigens, mimicking natural pathogen processes for immunity. Plant extracts aren't standard-most use biological systems. Combination products are rare; animal/microbial methods dominate. Lab synthesis applies to small molecules, not complex vaccines. This understanding reflects standard bioprocessing, ensuring effective immune response.
Question 4 of 5
Component added to local anesthetic solution to reduce the systemic uptake of the anesthetic agent:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: One of the most common components added to local anesthetic solutions to reduce the systemic uptake of the anesthetic agent is a vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictors, such as epinephrine, work by causing constriction of blood vessels at the site of injection. This constriction reduces blood flow to the area, which in turn reduces the systemic absorption of the anesthetic agent. By limiting systemic absorption, vasoconstrictors can help to prolong the duration of local anesthesia and minimize potential side effects associated with high systemic levels of the anesthetic agent, such as cardiovascular effects.
Question 5 of 5
Local anaesthetic agents:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) block sodium channels, not potassium, halting depolarization, so that's false. They prevent depolarization, not repolarization, making that false. Vasoconstrictors (e.g., epinephrine) prolong action, not vasodilators, which shorten it, so that's incorrect. High extracellular potassium enhances activity by depolarizing membranes closer to threshold, a true statement. High calcium reduces efficacy by stabilizing membranes. The potassium effect is a subtle but real modulator of anesthetic potency, relevant in tissue conditions.