ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Duration of nitroglycerin action (sublingual) is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 10-30 minutes. Nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed sublingually and has a short duration of action due to rapid metabolism. This short duration is crucial for managing acute conditions like angina. Choice B (6-8 hours) is incorrect because sublingual nitroglycerin does not have such an extended duration of action. Choice C (3-5 minutes) is too short as the effects of nitroglycerin last longer. Choice D (1.5-2 hours) is also incorrect as it overestimates the duration of action. Thus, the correct answer is A due to the rapid onset and short duration of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Question 2 of 5
Synthesis and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by a complex feedback loop involving multiple glands and organs. The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). The blood levels of thyroid hormones provide feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary to regulate the secretion of TRH and TSH, completing the feedback loop. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the control of thyroid hormone synthesis and release involves the interaction of multiple glands and is not solely regulated by any single gland or factor.
Question 3 of 5
The normal ovary produces small amount of androgens including testosterone androstenedione and degydroepiandrosterone. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the normal ovary does indeed produce small amounts of androgens such as testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone. This is a well-established fact in endocrinology. Choice B is incorrect because it contradicts the established knowledge about hormone production in the ovary. Choice C is incorrect as it doesn't provide any relevant information to confirm or deny the statement in the question. Choice D is incorrect because not all of the statements are true. Only option A correctly reflects the fact that the normal ovary produces small amounts of androgens.
Question 4 of 5
Antibody is a protein substance produced in the blood or tissues in response to a specific antigen, such as a bacterium or a toxin that destroys or weakens bacteria and neutralizes organic poisons, thus forming the basis of immunity. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Antibodies are indeed protein substances produced in response to specific antigens. 2. Antibodies work by binding to antigens, marking them for destruction. 3. Antibodies play a crucial role in immune response and immunity. 4. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the role and function of antibodies. Summary: - Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of antibodies. - Choice B is incorrect as antibodies do play a role in immunity. - Choice C is incorrect as it implies all statements are true. - Choice D is incorrect as antibodies do exist and have a specific function.
Question 5 of 5
Immunomodulating agent is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three choices (Sirolimus, Levamisole, and Tacrolimus) are immunomodulating agents that work by modifying the immune response. Sirolimus inhibits T-cell activation, Levamisole enhances immune function, and Tacrolimus suppresses T-cell activation. Each agent targets specific components of the immune system to regulate the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is D as all the listed options are immunomodulating agents. Choice A, Sirolimus, is an mTOR inhibitor used in immunosuppression. Choice B, Levamisole, is an immunostimulant used in treating parasitic infections. Choice C, Tacrolimus, is a calcineurin inhibitor used in immunosuppression.