ATI RN
RN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 2 Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
Drugs used as premedication to General Anesthesia to reduce secretions:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anticholinergic drugs are commonly used as premedication to general anesthesia to reduce secretions. These medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates secretions in the body. By inhibiting this action, anticholinergics help in reducing respiratory secretions, saliva, and other bodily fluids during anesthesia induction and maintenance. This can help prevent complications such as airway obstruction and aspiration during the surgical procedure. Examples of commonly used anticholinergic drugs for this purpose include atropine and glycopyrrolate.
Question 2 of 5
A 56-year-old man with progressive, chronic renal impairment is awaiting renal replacement therapy. His treatment includes calcium carbonate tablets, furosemide, irbesartan and amlodipine. He is admitted severely unwell with a BP of 40 by palpation, pulse 112. An ECG shows a broad complex tachycardia with no P waves. Serum Ca2+ is 2.3 mmol/L, PO4 1.7 mmol/L, creatinine 785 μmol/L, Na+ 142 mmol/L, K+ 7.4 mmol/L. Which of the following would be appropriate management?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia (K+ 7.4 mmol/L) in renal failure causes broad complex tachycardia, risking arrest. Amiodarone treats arrhythmias but not hyperkalemia's cause. Digoxin is contraindicated in hyperkalemia and renal failure. IV calcium gluconate stabilizes cardiac membranes, countering potassium's depolarizing effect, appropriate immediate management. Pacing or colestyramine (potassium binder) are secondary. Calcium's rapid action protects the heart, buying time for dialysis, critical in this life-threatening scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A 37-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by a friend after consuming an entire month's supply of amitriptyline. She is tachycardic, drowsy, nauseous, and has a headache. Which of the following could the physician administer to help this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amitriptyline overdose (TCA) causes anticholinergic and cardiac toxicity. Bicarbonate corrects acidosis and stabilizes sodium channels, reducing arrhythmias. Dimercaprol , Methylene blue , and Vitamin K (E) are irrelevant. Naloxone treats opioids. Bicarbonate's role in TCA overdose is critical for this presentation.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following pairs of 'drug/mechanism of action' is most accurate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lithium's mood-stabilizing effect in bipolar disorder involves inhibiting inositol monophosphatase, reducing inositol recycling and dampening overactive phosphoinositide signaling, a unique mechanism. Carbamazepine blocks sodium channels, not GABA facilitation (that's barbiturates). Ethosuximide inhibits T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons, not sodium channels, to control absence seizures. Phenelzine, an MAOI, inhibits monoamine oxidase, not dopa decarboxylase (carbidopa does that). Procaine, a local anesthetic, blocks sodium channels, not T-type calcium channels. Lithium's inositol depletion is well-established, aligning with its therapeutic role and distinguishing it as the most accurate pairing here.
Question 5 of 5
During a blood transfusion, the patient begins to have chills and back pain. What is the nurse™s priority action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient is exhibiting signs of a transfusion reaction, specifically indicating the possibility of a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. Chills and back pain are common symptoms of this type of reaction. The nurse's priority action in this situation is to discontinue the blood transfusion immediately to prevent further complications and potential harm to the patient. It is crucial to notify the prescriber promptly so that appropriate interventions can be initiated. Observing for other symptoms and slowing the infusion rate are important actions but may not be the priority in this scenario where the patient is experiencing signs of a possible transfusion reaction. It is not appropriate to tell the patient that these symptoms are a normal reaction, as they indicate a potential complication that needs immediate attention.