ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Drugs that can be used for what is lacking in the body. :
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Supplements are drugs that can be used to provide the body with essential nutrients that may be lacking. They are designed to complement the diet and help fulfill specific nutritional needs, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or other substances. Unlike stimulants, depressants, or irritants that affect the central nervous system in various ways, supplements aim to provide a beneficial addition to the body's existing resources. Prophylactics, on the other hand, are preventive methods or medications used to protect against diseases or health issues, rather than addressing existing deficiencies like supplements.
Question 2 of 5
Most antibiotic resistance in bacteria is caused by which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is commonly caused by genes that are carried on plasmids. Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that can be transferred between bacteria, allowing for the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes throughout bacterial populations. These resistance genes can encode enzymes that inactivate antibiotics, alter antibiotic targets, or even pump antibiotics out of bacterial cells. Plasmid-mediated resistance is a major concern in the healthcare setting as it can lead to the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria, making infections harder to treat. Therefore, the presence and transfer of genes on plasmids play a significant role in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Question 3 of 5
A patient taking imatinib voices concern about gaining 5 pounds in the past week. Which response by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight gain is a known side effect of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat certain cancers. The nurse should reassure the patient that this is a common occurrence and not necessarily dangerous. However, the patient should be monitored for signs of fluid retention, such as swelling or shortness of breath, which could indicate a more serious condition. Stopping the medication abruptly is not recommended unless advised by the healthcare provider. Dietary changes may help, but they should be discussed with the healthcare team to ensure they do not interfere with treatment.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is taking oral acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, to decrease intraocular pressure. When providing drug education, which side effect will the nurse advise the patient to anticipate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, promotes diuresis by inhibiting the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output. This is a common side effect that patients should be informed about. Increased weight (A) is not typically associated with acetazolamide. Light sensitivity (B) and burning or stinging of the eyes (C) are more commonly associated with topical ophthalmic medications, not systemic acetazolamide.
Question 5 of 5
An 86-year-old patient is being discharged to home on digitalis therapy and has very little information regarding the medication. Which statement best reflects a realistic outcome of patient teaching activities?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patient education is a critical component of nursing care, especially for elderly patients who may have difficulty understanding complex medication regimens. A realistic outcome for an 86-year-old patient and their caregiver (daughter) is that they can state the proper way to take the drug. This ensures that the medication is taken correctly, reducing the risk of toxicity or underdosing. While teaching about adverse effects and symptoms of toxicity is important, expecting the patient to recall all symptoms may be unrealistic due to age-related cognitive decline. The most practical and achievable goal is ensuring the patient and caregiver understand the proper administration of the medication.