Drugs that can be taken via endotracheal tube?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Lidocaine, naloxone, atropine, epinephrine. These drugs can be administered via endotracheal tube in emergency situations when intravenous access is not readily available. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic used for managing cardiac arrhythmias. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used for reversing opioid overdose. Atropine is a medication used to increase heart rate. Epinephrine is a vasopressor used in cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis. Option B) Lidocaine, naloxone, atropine, digoxin is incorrect because digoxin is not typically administered via endotracheal tube due to its narrow therapeutic index and the need for precise dosing. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the route of administration for various medications, especially in emergency situations. Knowing which drugs can be safely administered via endotracheal tube can be life-saving for pediatric patients in critical conditions. Nurses must be well-versed in pediatric pharmacology to provide safe and effective care to their patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the peak incidence of acute bronchiolitis is crucial for providing effective care to young patients. The correct answer is C) 2-6 months. This is because acute bronchiolitis most commonly affects infants between the ages of 2 to 6 months due to factors such as immature immune systems and smaller airways, making them more susceptible to respiratory infections like bronchiolitis. Option A) 9-12 months is incorrect because while infants in this age range are still vulnerable to respiratory illnesses, the peak incidence occurs earlier, typically before 6 months of age. Option B) 6-12 months is also incorrect as it includes a broader age range when the peak incidence is more concentrated around 2-6 months. Option D) 12-24 months is incorrect as bronchiolitis is less common in children older than 12 months. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding age-related patterns in pediatric illnesses. By knowing the peak incidence of conditions like acute bronchiolitis, nurses can anticipate and recognize symptoms, provide appropriate interventions, and educate caregivers on preventive measures. This knowledge enhances the quality of care and outcomes for infants with bronchiolitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Von Willebrand disease. Von Willebrand disease is a common inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, which plays a crucial role in platelet adhesion and clot formation. This leads to prolonged bleeding time despite having a normal platelet count. Option A) Hemophilia A is incorrect because it is a deficiency in factor VIII, a clotting factor, which leads to excessive bleeding but does not affect platelet count. Option C) Leukemia is incorrect as it is a cancer of the blood cells where platelet count is usually low due to bone marrow infiltration and suppression. Option D) Hypersplenism is incorrect as it is a condition where the spleen removes platelets from circulation, leading to thrombocytopenia, not a prolonged bleeding time with a normal platelet count. Educationally, understanding these distinctions is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage pediatric patients with bleeding disorders. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each disorder enables appropriate interventions and prevents potential complications. It is essential for nurses to know the pathophysiology behind these conditions to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with bleeding disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Answer A) Age 1-5 years is correct for Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects young children. This age group is the most commonly affected by Kawasaki disease, with peak incidence seen in children under the age of 5 years. The disease is rare in children over 9 years old and extremely uncommon in infants less than 4 months old. Children between the ages of 5-9 years can also be affected, but the peak incidence is in the younger age group. Educationally, understanding the age group most commonly affected by Kawasaki disease is crucial for pediatric nurses as they are often the first point of contact for young patients presenting with fever and other symptoms. Recognizing the age group at highest risk can aid in early identification and prompt treatment of Kawasaki disease, which is essential to prevent serious complications such as coronary artery aneurysms. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the unique characteristics of diseases prevalent in certain age groups to provide optimal care and support to pediatric patients and their families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Terminal part of small intestine. Tuberculosis can affect various parts of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. In pediatric patients, the terminal part of the small intestine is commonly affected by gastrointestinal tuberculosis. This area is susceptible to infection due to its rich blood supply and lymphatic drainage. Option B) Terminal part of esophagus is incorrect because esophageal tuberculosis is rare compared to involvement of the small intestine in tuberculosis cases. Option C) Terminal part of large intestine is incorrect as tuberculosis more commonly affects the small intestine rather than the large intestine in the pediatric population. Option D) Pylorus is incorrect as tuberculosis primarily affects the small intestine and not specifically the pylorus. In an educational context, understanding the common manifestations of tuberculosis in different parts of the body is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses. Knowing the typical sites of tuberculosis infection in the gastrointestinal tract can aid in early recognition, diagnosis, and appropriate management of the disease in pediatric patients.