Drugs that can be taken via endotracheal tube?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, administering medications via endotracheal tube may be necessary in emergency situations where intravenous access is not readily available. The correct answer is A) Lidocaine, naloxone, atropine, epinephrine. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic used for managing arrhythmias. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. Atropine is a medication used to increase heart rate in bradycardia. Epinephrine is a vasopressor used in cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis. These drugs can be given via endotracheal tube in appropriate doses in emergencies. Option B is incorrect as digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, is not recommended for administration via endotracheal tube due to possible complications and lack of efficacy through this route. It is crucial for pediatric nurses to be familiar with drugs that can be administered via endotracheal tube, understand their indications, dosages, and potential complications. This knowledge is vital in providing timely and effective care to critically ill pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the peak incidence of acute bronchiolitis is crucial for providing appropriate care to infants. The correct answer is C) 2-6 months. This is because acute bronchiolitis commonly affects infants between 2 to 6 months of age due to their small airways being more susceptible to inflammation and obstruction by viruses like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Option A) 9-12 months is incorrect because infants in this age range are slightly older and their airways have developed a bit more, making them less vulnerable to acute bronchiolitis compared to younger infants. Option B) 6-12 months is incorrect because while some cases may occur in this age range, the peak incidence is typically earlier, between 2 to 6 months. Option D) 12-24 months is incorrect as by 12 months, most infants have outgrown the peak age range for acute bronchiolitis, though they can still be affected. Educationally, understanding the age group most at risk for acute bronchiolitis helps nurses in identifying and managing cases promptly, potentially preventing complications. It also underscores the importance of preventive measures like hand hygiene and avoiding exposure to sick individuals, especially during peak bronchiolitis season.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between platelet count and bleeding time is crucial for assessing and managing various hematological conditions. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Von Willebrand disease. Von Willebrand disease is a common inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of the von Willebrand factor, which plays a vital role in platelet adhesion and clot formation. In Von Willebrand disease, although the platelet count is normal, the bleeding time is prolonged due to the impaired platelet function secondary to the von Willebrand factor deficiency. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is a deficiency of clotting factor VIII, leading to prolonged clotting time rather than bleeding time. C) Leukemia: Leukemia can cause thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) leading to increased bleeding risk, but not prolonged bleeding time with a normal platelet count. D) Hypersplenism: Hypersplenism can cause sequestration of platelets leading to thrombocytopenia, not a prolonged bleeding time with a normal platelet count. Educational context: This question highlights the importance of differentiating between platelet count and bleeding time in assessing bleeding disorders. Understanding the pathophysiology of Von Willebrand disease and its impact on platelet function is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management in pediatric patients presenting with bleeding symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects young children. The correct answer, option A) Age 1-5 years, is right because Kawasaki disease most commonly occurs in this age group, with peak incidence between 1-2 years of age. Option B) Age more than 9 years is incorrect because Kawasaki disease rarely occurs in children older than 8 years. Option C) Age less than 4 months is also incorrect as Kawasaki disease is uncommon in infants younger than 6 months. Option D) Age 5-9 years is not the most common age group for Kawasaki disease, although it can occur in this range, it is most prevalent in the younger age group specified in option A. Educationally, understanding the age distribution of Kawasaki disease is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the typical age range helps in early identification and prompt treatment of this condition, which is essential to prevent serious complications like coronary artery aneurysms. By mastering this knowledge, healthcare professionals can provide better care and improve outcomes for children affected by Kawasaki disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Terminal part of small intestine. Tuberculosis affecting the gastrointestinal tract commonly involves the terminal part of the small intestine, known as the ileum. This area is particularly prone to tuberculosis infection due to its rich blood supply and lymphatic tissue, which makes it a favorable environment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to thrive. Option B) Terminal part of the esophagus is incorrect because tuberculosis rarely affects the esophagus. Tuberculosis primarily targets organs with high blood flow and oxygen content, which are not typically found in the esophagus. Option C) Terminal part of the large intestine is incorrect as tuberculosis more commonly affects the small intestine rather than the large intestine. The terminal ileum is a common site for tuberculosis involvement due to its unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Option D) Pylorus is incorrect because tuberculosis seldom affects the stomach, and the pylorus is the opening between the stomach and the small intestine, which is not a common site for tuberculosis infection. Educational Context: Understanding the common sites of tuberculosis infection in the gastrointestinal tract is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses. Recognizing the typical areas of involvement can aid in early diagnosis, appropriate treatment initiation, and prevention of complications in pediatric patients. This knowledge is essential in providing comprehensive care to children with tuberculosis, ensuring optimal health outcomes.