Drugs aimed at blocking the budding of HIV from the host cell

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Are protease inhibitors. Blocking HIV budding involves inhibiting the action of the viral protease enzyme, which is crucial for processing viral proteins into their functional forms. By targeting protease, the virus cannot mature and infect new cells. RT inhibitors (A) target reverse transcriptase, not budding. Targeting gp120 (B) is focused on viral entry, not budding. Targeting HIV co-receptors (C) is aimed at blocking viral entry, not budding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic reactions that occur upon initial exposure to an allergen, not just after a second encounter. Step 2: Food allergies can lead to systemic anaphylaxis due to the rapid release of mediators like histamine. Step 3: TH2 lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of type I hypersensitivity reactions by promoting IgE production. Step 4: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are not generally classified as genetic disorders since they result from an immune response to allergens, not a single gene defect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it states that human strains of Influenza extensively infect epithelial cells throughout the body, which is not true. Influenza primarily infects cells of the respiratory tract, leading to respiratory symptoms. Systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and muscle aches are more related to the body's immune response rather than widespread infection of epithelial cells throughout the body. This statement is incorrect as it misrepresents the pathogenesis of Influenza. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are all true statements supported by scientific evidence regarding Influenza transmission, asymptomatic spread, and viral entry mechanism, respectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because OPV induces mucosal immunity that blocks enteric infection and viral transmission. This is crucial in preventing the spread of poliovirus through the fecal-oral route. Choice A is incorrect because OPV primarily induces an IgA response in the mucosal surfaces, not IgG. Choice B is incorrect because while OPV is effective, it carries a risk of vaccine-derived poliovirus, making IPV the preferred choice in some situations. Therefore, Choice C is the most accurate as it highlights the unique ability of OPV to induce mucosal immunity, which is essential for preventing poliovirus transmission.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: How the number of different immunoglobulins produced by an individual can be far greater than the number of genes in the human genome. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement occurs during B cell development, leading to the generation of a diverse repertoire of antibodies from a limited number of genes. This process allows for the production of a vast array of immunoglobulins through mechanisms like V(D)J recombination. Choice B is incorrect because the gene rearrangement process actually enables a single gene to encode for multiple immunoglobulins. Choice C is partially correct but does not fully capture the significance of gene rearrangement in expanding the diversity of immunoglobulins beyond what the genome would suggest. Choice D is incorrect as it combines a correct statement (A) with an incomplete statement (C).