Drug reactions to penicillins and cephalosporins are common in pediatrics. Risk factors for drug reactions include all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Increasing age (>20 years) is not a risk factor; in fact, drug reactions are more common in younger patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Autistic spectrum disorder includes stereotyped movements, not their absence. Defective social communication, fixated interests, and restricted routines are hallmark features.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive distress when away from a parent and avoidance behaviors, often triggered by major life changes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The function of macrophages and neutrophils is primarily phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and digesting pathogens such as bacteria, virus-infected cells, and cellular debris. Phagocytosis is a crucial defense mechanism of the immune system as it helps eliminate harmful invaders and promote tissue repair. Macrophages and neutrophils play key roles in innate immunity by recognizing, ingesting, and destroying pathogens to protect the body from infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sleep-onset association disorder involves reliance on specific conditions to fall asleep.