ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Dr. Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency. This correlation is __________ and __________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) moderate; positive. This is because a correlation coefficient of +.49 falls between the range of +0.30 to +0.49, indicating a moderate positive correlation. This means that as levels of illegal drug use increase, levels of adolescent delinquency also tend to increase, but not perfectly in sync. Option B) low; positive is incorrect because a correlation of +.49 is not considered low but falls within the moderate range. Option C) high; negative is incorrect as the correlation coefficient is positive, not negative. Option D) low; negative is incorrect because the correlation is positive, not negative. From an educational perspective, understanding correlation coefficients is crucial in pharmacology as it helps to analyze relationships between variables. Teaching students to interpret the strength and direction of correlations is essential for them to make informed decisions in research and clinical practice. In this case, knowing that a correlation of +.49 is moderate and positive can assist healthcare professionals in understanding the relationship between illegal drug use and adolescent delinquency.
Question 2 of 5
What is one strength of the cross-sectional design?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is not plagued with dropout or practice effects. In a cross-sectional design, data is collected from different groups of participants at a single point in time, allowing researchers to compare different age groups. One of the strengths of this design is that it is not affected by dropout or practice effects. Dropout effects refer to participants leaving the study before it is completed, which can bias the results. Practice effects occur when participants change their behavior as a result of repeated testing, impacting the validity of the study. Option A is incorrect because a cross-sectional design does not provide evidence about individual trends since it looks at different groups at one point in time. Option B is incorrect because cohort effects can still influence the results of a cross-sectional study. Option D is incorrect because a cross-sectional design does not permit longitudinal comparisons, as it only captures data at a single time point. In an educational context, understanding the strengths and limitations of research designs like cross-sectional studies is crucial for pharmacology students. Being able to identify the appropriate design for a research question ensures the validity and reliability of study findings, which is essential in the field of pharmacology where accurate data can impact patient care and treatment outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
Bernadette, a participant in a longitudinal study, became quite familiar with the test over time and, as a result, her performance improved. This limitation of longitudinal research is known as __________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Practice effects refer to the phenomenon where participants in a longitudinal study show improvement in test performance over time due to becoming familiar with the tasks or test materials. This can be considered a limitation as it may distort the results by showing an artificial improvement rather than a true developmental change.
Question 4 of 5
To overcome some of the limitations of traditional developmental designs, investigators sometimes use __________ designs, in which they conduct several similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sequential designs involve conducting multiple similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies to overcome limitations of traditional developmental designs. By combining different types of study designs, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of development over time. This approach allows for more robust conclusions and can help address potential confounding variables that may impact the results.
Question 5 of 5
In his research study, Dr. Johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance. Consequently, Dr. Johnson should use __________ after the research session is over.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dr. Johnson should use debriefing after the research session is over because giving participants false feedback may have affected them psychologically. Debriefing involves explaining the true nature of the study, including any deception that occurred, to the participants in order to protect their well-being and address any lingering concerns or misconceptions they may have. It is an important ethical practice in research to ensure participants are fully informed about the study they were involved in.