ATI RN
Psychology 101 Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Down syndrome is caused by ________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Down syndrome is caused by possessing an extra chromosome in chromosome 21, not by a chemical imbalance (choice A), a gene on the X chromosome (choice B), or possessing an extra X chromosome (choice C). The presence of an additional chromosome 21 disrupts the normal course of development and leads to the characteristics associated with Down syndrome.
Question 2 of 5
Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the ________ stage.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the phallic stage. During this stage, children focus on the genitals and start to identify with the same-sex parent while developing the superego. Choice A, the oral stage, occurs during infancy (0-1 year), where gratification is centered around the mouth. Choice B, the anal stage, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, focusing on toilet training. Choice D, the genital stage, is the final stage in Freud's theory, occurring from puberty onwards, where the focus is on mature sexual relationships.
Question 3 of 5
A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Neglectful/uninvolved. This parenting style is associated with a lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness due to the lack of parental involvement and emotional support. Authoritarian parenting (choice A) is characterized by strict rules and high demands, not necessarily linked to these issues. Permissive/indulgent parenting (choice B) involves few rules and high responsiveness, which may not directly lead to these problems. Authoritative parenting (choice C) combines high demands with emotional support and is actually linked to positive outcomes such as good school performance and social skills.
Question 4 of 5
Why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who were raised in different environments?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Studying identical twins raised in different environments allows researchers to understand the impact of genetics versus environmental factors on traits. Choice A is incorrect because differences in brain function can be influenced by a variety of factors and not solely by environmental differences. Choice B is incorrect as concordance rates tend to be higher in identical twins reared together due to shared genetics and environment. Choice C is incorrect because genetics do not change due to being raised in different environments.
Question 5 of 5
Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that ________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures. This is because cultural norms and expectations influence how parental tolerance and responses to behavior are shaped. Choice B is incorrect because parental styles do play a role in behavior problems, influenced by cultural factors. Choice C is incorrect as parental styles can vary across cultures and impact behavior problems differently. Choice D is incorrect because cultural attitudes towards seeking treatment for behavior problems can vary significantly.