Dopamine intravenous infusion is used in the treatment of:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Hemorrhagic shock. Dopamine is a medication that acts as a vasopressor, primarily used in the treatment of conditions like shock where there is inadequate blood flow to vital organs. Option A) Parkinsonism is incorrect because dopamine is not typically used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Medications like levodopa are more commonly prescribed. Option C) Acute attack of bronchial asthma is incorrect because dopamine does not play a significant role in the management of asthma exacerbations. Bronchodilators like albuterol are the mainstay of treatment. Option D) Acute attack of psychosis is incorrect because dopamine antagonists, not dopamine agonists like dopamine itself, are used in the management of psychotic disorders. Educationally, understanding the specific pharmacological actions and indications of medications like dopamine is crucial in clinical practice. This question highlights the importance of knowing the appropriate use of medications to provide effective patient care and avoid potential adverse effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diarrhea. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that typically causes dry mouth, tachycardia, and blurred vision as side effects due to its mechanism of blocking acetylcholine receptors. However, diarrhea is not a common side effect of atropine. It is important to differentiate the expected side effects of a drug from those that are not commonly associated with it based on its pharmacological actions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone that activates the fight-or-flight response. It causes bronchial muscle relaxation (A), increases cardiac contractility (B), and increases sweat secretion (D) to prepare the body for action. However, adrenaline inhibits intestinal motility (C) to conserve energy for vital functions during stressful situations. Therefore, the correct answer is C because adrenaline does not increase intestinal motility. Relaxation of bronchial muscle, increased cardiac contractility, and increased sweat secretion are all effects of adrenaline, making choices A, B, and D incorrect, respectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Noradrenaline stimulates both α and β receptors, leading to increased heart rate and vasoconstriction. - It does not decrease heart rate; it actually increases heart rate due to its actions on β receptors. - Noradrenaline causes vasoconstriction by activating α receptors, leading to increased blood pressure. - The incorrect statement is C, as noradrenaline actually increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors. Step 2: Blocking muscarinic receptors in the eye leads to dilation of the pupil, known as mydriasis. Step 3: Therefore, the correct answer is D, as atropine indeed produces mydriasis. Summary: A is incorrect because atropine is not a neuromuscular blocker. B is incorrect as atropine actually induces tachycardia. C is incorrect as atropine inhibits GIT motility and secretion.