Dobutamine is used in the treatment of:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dobutamine is a positive inotrope that increases cardiac contractility, making it a suitable choice for treating heart failure by improving cardiac output. It is not typically used for hypertension, glaucoma, or arrhythmias. Hypertension is usually managed with antihypertensive medications like ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers. Glaucoma is treated with medications that reduce intraocular pressure. Arrhythmias are commonly managed with antiarrhythmic drugs or procedures such as ablation. Therefore, choice B, heart failure, is the correct answer for the use of dobutamine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because phenylephrine stimulates α-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and mucous membrane decongestion. This action helps relieve nasal congestion. Choice A is incorrect because phenylephrine does not block muscarinic receptors. Choice C is incorrect because phenylephrine does not block β-adrenergic receptors. Choice D is incorrect because phenylephrine is not typically used for managing hypertension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately pairs the endocrine glands with their corresponding hormones. The adrenal gland secretes adrenaline, and the pancreas secretes insulin. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal gland, not the ovary, making choices A and D incorrect. The pancreas secretes insulin, not adrenaline, making choice C incorrect. In summary, choice B is correct because it correctly matches the adrenal gland with adrenaline and the pancreas with insulin, while the other choices mix up the glands and hormones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Catalysts decrease the activation energy required for a reaction, speeding up the reaction without being consumed in the process. They provide an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed, facilitating the reaction without being altered themselves. This is why they are unchanged at the end of the reaction. Choice B is incorrect because catalysts are not used up in the reaction. Choices C and D are also incorrect as catalysts do not increase the time taken for a reaction to finish nor are they consumed in the reaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the total cost of using the heater for 15 minutes, we need to consider the cost per minute. If the cost is $0.01 per minute, then for 15 minutes, it would be 15 * $0.01 = $0.15. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Option A ($0.04) is incorrect because it is too low for 15 minutes of usage. Option C ($2.40) and Option D ($9.00) are incorrect because they are too high for the given time frame.