ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Discontinuous or fenestrated capillaries are found in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fenestrated capillaries, with pores in their endothelial walls, are found in the intestines, kidneys, and endocrine glands to facilitate rapid exchange (e.g., nutrient absorption). Muscles and adipose tissue have continuous capillaries, and the CNS has tight junctions (blood-brain barrier).
Question 2 of 5
A client has been prescribed a new medication and was told that it was to reduce the risk of developing fatty plaques in the arteries. The client asks how arteries and veins differ. The nurse should explain that arteries:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, distinguishing them from veins, which return blood to the heart. Arteries vary in size (some larger than veins, e.g., aorta), and they supply the whole body, not just the heart (coronary arteries are a subset).
Question 3 of 5
Among the blood tests ordered was a differential count; this test:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A differential count measures the percentage of each type of leukocyte (e.g., neutrophils, lymphocytes) per 100 white blood cells, assessing immune status. RBC and platelet counts are separate tests.
Question 4 of 5
Insufficient vitamin B₁₂ in the body may result in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency causes pernicious anemia due to impaired RBC maturation (often from lack of intrinsic factor). Nutritional anemia is broader, aplastic anemia affects marrow, and embolus is unrelated.
Question 5 of 5
Which blood constituent adheres to any rough surface?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Platelets adhere to rough surfaces (e.g., damaged endothelium) to form a plug, initiating hemostasis. Thromboplastin is a protein, fibrinogen forms fibrin, and leukocytes don’t primarily adhere.