ATI RN
Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Diffuse intramural spread with extensive fibroblastic thickening is a morphologic pattern most characteristically associated with carcinoma of the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach. This morphologic pattern is most commonly seen in scirrhous (fibrous) type of gastric carcinoma. The diffuse intramural spread with extensive fibroblastic thickening is a characteristic feature of scirrhous gastric cancer. This pattern is not typically associated with carcinoma of the esophagus, small intestine, or appendix. The fibroblastic thickening in the stomach is due to desmoplastic reaction caused by the tumor cells, leading to the characteristic linitis plastica appearance on imaging.
Question 2 of 5
Select the true statement regarding the control of gastric secretion:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: - Parietal cells in gastric glands secrete gastric acid in response to hormonal stimulation, primarily gastrin. - Gastrin is released in response to the presence of food in the stomach, stimulating acid secretion. - This process is essential for digestion and maintaining the acidity of the stomach environment. Summary of Incorrect Choices: - B: Most of the secretion of acid and pepsinogen occurs during the gastric (not intestinal) phase. - D: Gastric secretion begins before food enters the stomach, as cephalic phase responses can initiate acid secretion.
Question 3 of 5
What is the term for the semi-solid mixture of food and digestive juices that are formed in the stomach?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chyme. This term refers to the semi-solid mixture of food and digestive juices that is formed in the stomach through the process of digestion. The stomach mixes food with gastric juices to create chyme, which is then passed to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. B: Bolus is incorrect as it refers to the compact mass of food that is swallowed and travels through the esophagus to reach the stomach. C: Feces is incorrect as it is the solid waste material that is formed in the large intestine and expelled from the body. D: None of the above is incorrect as the term "chyme" accurately describes the semi-solid mixture formed in the stomach during digestion.
Question 4 of 5
Which information about an 80-yr-old male patient at the senior center is of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Unintended weight loss. In older adults, unintended weight loss can be a sign of underlying health issues such as malnutrition, chronic diseases, or even cancer. It is a significant concern as it may indicate a decline in overall health and increase the risk of complications. Decreased appetite (choice A) and occasional indigestion (choice B) are common in older adults but may not necessarily be as alarming as unintended weight loss. Difficulty chewing food (choice D) could also contribute to weight loss but is not as concerning as the weight loss itself, which could have more serious implications.
Question 5 of 5
Which question from the nurse would help determine if a patient's abdominal pain might indicate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Asking about foods affecting bowel patterns helps determine if the patient's abdominal pain could indicate IBS as certain foods can trigger IBS symptoms. Passing gas (A) is common in IBS but not specific enough. Abdominal distention (C) is a possible symptom but not exclusive to IBS. Knowing the duration of the pain (D) is important but does not directly link to IBS. Thus, B is the best choice to assess IBS related symptoms.