Difference Between Endocrine and Exocrine Glands is That

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts or onto the surface of the body. This key difference in how they release their products is essential in distinguishing between endocrine and exocrine glands. A: Endocrine glands release hormones, not waste products. B: The interconnection of glands is not a defining characteristic to differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands. C: Endocrine glands are not exclusively formed by epithelial tissue, and exocrine glands are not solely connective tissues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a congenital defect in gastric lipase would not lead to steatorrhoea. Gastrinoma, ileal disease with failure to reabsorb bile salts, and exocrine pancreatic disease can all cause steatorrhoea due to impaired fat digestion or absorption. Gastrinoma can lead to excessive acid production, which can interfere with fat digestion. Ileal disease can affect the reabsorption of bile salts necessary for fat digestion. Exocrine pancreatic disease can result in insufficient pancreatic enzymes needed for fat digestion. Therefore, choice B is the exception as it does not directly impact fat digestion or absorption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: Oligosaccharidase deficiency leads to osmotic diarrhea because the incomplete breakdown of oligosaccharides in the small intestine results in unabsorbed sugars attracting water, causing diarrhea. This is a direct consequence of the deficiency in enzymes responsible for breaking down oligosaccharides. This is why Choice C is correct. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Salivary amylase works best at a neutral pH of around 6.7, not alkaline pH. B: Lactose intolerance is due to a deficiency in lactase enzyme, not related to carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine. D: Salivary amylase is inactivated in the acidic environment of the stomach, so it does not continue to digest carbohydrates there.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: amylase. Gastric juice primarily consists of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and mucus. Amylase is an enzyme produced in the pancreas, not in the stomach. It functions in the small intestine to break down carbohydrates. Therefore, amylase is not a normal component of gastric juice. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because HPO42- (phosphate ions), mucus, and lipase are all typically found in gastric juice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cAMP. cAMP, or cyclic adenosine monophosphate, does not release large amounts of energy on breakdown compared to the other choices. Here's the rationale: 1. ATP (Choice B) is known as the energy currency of the cell and releases a significant amount of energy when broken down. 2. Creatine phosphate (Choice C) is a high-energy compound that can rapidly donate its phosphate group to regenerate ATP. 3. ADP (Choice D) releases energy when converted to ATP through phosphorylation. 4. cAMP (Choice A) is a secondary messenger involved in signal transduction and does not store or release energy like ATP or creatine phosphate.