Diagnostic testing has resulted in a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in an adult patient who is otherwise healthy. The patient and the care team have collaborated and the patient will soon begin induction therapy. The nurse should prepare the patient for which of the following?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the correct answer is D) An aggressive course of chemotherapy. This is because induction therapy for AML typically involves a combination of chemotherapy agents to rapidly reduce the number of leukemia cells in the body and induce a remission. Chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for AML and aims to eradicate cancer cells in the bone marrow and blood. Option A) Daily treatment with targeted therapy medications is not typically used as the primary induction therapy for AML. Targeted therapy may be used in specific cases or as a maintenance therapy after initial treatment. Option B) Radiation therapy is not a standard first-line treatment for AML. It is more commonly used in specific situations such as central nervous system involvement or palliative care. Option C) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not typically part of the initial induction therapy for AML. HSCT is usually considered after achieving remission with induction therapy in order to prevent relapse or for patients with high-risk disease. Understanding the rationale behind the choice of treatment in AML is crucial for nurses caring for patients undergoing cancer therapy. It helps them provide accurate information to patients, manage side effects effectively, and support patients through their treatment journey.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, which is to assess the patient's specific needs for education and support, is the most appropriate response to meet the psychosocial needs of a patient newly diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Educational Context: Assessing the patient's specific needs for education and support is crucial in providing holistic care to individuals with a cancer diagnosis. It allows the nurse to tailor information and resources to address the patient's unique concerns, fears, and knowledge gaps, promoting informed decision-making and enhancing coping mechanisms. Why Option C is Correct: By assessing the patient's specific needs for education and support, the nurse can identify areas where the patient requires additional information, emotional support, or resources to navigate their diagnosis and treatment effectively. This proactive approach helps to address the patient's immediate distress and empowers them to actively participate in their care. Why Other Options are Incorrect: - Option A: Assessing the patient's previous experience with the health care system is important but does not directly address the immediate psychosocial needs expressed by the patient. - Option B: While providing reassurance is essential, simply stating that treatment will be successful may not be sufficient to address the patient's current emotional distress and lack of direction. - Option D: Identifying the patient's plan of medical care is important but does not directly address the patient's psychosocial needs or emotional state following the diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), the most critical topic for the nurse to prioritize in patient education is the emergency management of bleeding episodes. MDS is a group of disorders characterized by ineffective production of blood cells, which can lead to low platelet counts and an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, educating the patient on recognizing signs of bleeding, when to seek immediate medical attention, and how to control minor bleeding can be life-saving. Option A, techniques for energy conservation and activity management, while important for overall well-being, is not as urgent as managing potential bleeding complications in MDS patients. Option C, technique for the administration of bronchodilators by metered-dose inhaler, is not directly related to MDS and is not a priority in this context. Option D, techniques for self-palpation of the lymph nodes, is not as crucial as managing bleeding episodes in MDS patients. In an educational context, understanding the priorities in patient education for specific conditions like MDS is crucial for nurses to provide effective care and support to patients. By focusing on high-priority topics like emergency management of bleeding episodes, nurses can empower patients to take an active role in their own health and safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct medication for a resident diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) is hydroxyurea (Option C). Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite that works by reducing the production of blood cells, particularly platelets, which is crucial in managing ET to prevent clotting complications. Option A, Dalteparin, is a low molecular weight heparin used for anticoagulation, which is not the primary treatment for ET. Option B, Allopurinol, is used to reduce uric acid levels in conditions like gout, not for ET. Option D, Hydrochlorothiazide, is a diuretic used to manage hypertension and edema, not indicated for ET. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind choosing the correct medication is vital for nurses caring for patients with hematologic disorders. Knowing the mechanism of action and therapeutic use of hydroxyurea in ET helps nurses provide safe and effective care, monitor for side effects, and educate patients on treatment goals. This knowledge enhances the nurse's ability to advocate for appropriate treatment and collaborate effectively with the healthcare team to optimize patient outcomes in oncology and hematology settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a patient with multiple myeloma, the correct action the nurse should promote is option B: Close monitoring of urine output and kidney function. Multiple myeloma can lead to kidney damage due to the excessive production of abnormal proteins that can clog the kidneys, leading to renal failure. Close monitoring of urine output and kidney function is crucial to detect early signs of kidney impairment, such as proteinuria or elevated creatinine levels, which can guide timely interventions to preserve renal function and prevent further complications. Option A is incorrect as weight-bearing exercise may not be the priority in a patient with multiple myeloma who may be at risk of bone fractures due to weakened bones from the disease. Option C is incorrect because warfarin is not typically indicated in multiple myeloma unless there is a specific indication such as atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. Option D is incorrect as the safe use of supplementary oxygen is not directly related to the management of multiple myeloma but may be necessary for other conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the specific needs and complications associated with different disease processes to provide optimal patient care. This question highlights the importance of tailored patient education and monitoring in individuals with multiple myeloma to prevent potential complications and improve outcomes.