diagnosis of congenital heart disease usually through

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The diagnosis of congenital heart disease is most commonly done through an echocardiogram, which is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. This imaging technique allows healthcare providers to visualize any abnormalities in the heart's structure and how it is functioning. While cardiac catheterization and chest x-ray with ECG can also provide valuable information, an echocardiogram is the primary diagnostic tool for identifying congenital heart defects due to its accuracy, safety, and non-invasiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the presence of coma or unconsciousness, maintaining a clear airway is the major therapeutic measure to ensure adequate breathing and oxygenation. A clear airway is vital for the patient's survival and should be the priority to prevent respiratory distress or failure. Providing good nursing care is important for overall patient well-being, but ensuring a clear airway is crucial for immediate life support. Retention of a catheter is not a major therapeutic measure in the context of coma or unconsciousness unless specifically indicated for monitoring or treatment of underlying conditions. Therefore, the most critical intervention in this scenario is the maintenance of a clear airway.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Testicular self-examination is the best way to detect testicular cancer early. It involves checking the size, shape, and consistency of the testicles to identify any changes or abnormalities. By performing monthly self-exams, men become familiar with the normal feel and appearance of their testicles, making it easier to notice any unusual lumps or swelling that could indicate the presence of cancer. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment of testicular cancer, which is why regular self-exams are recommended, especially for men at higher risk, such as those with a family history of the disease or prior testicular cancer. Annual physician examinations and ultrasounds can also help in detecting testicular cancer, but self-exams are a simple and effective way for men to take an active role in their health and potentially detect any issues early on.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Embryonal carcinoma is strongly associated with elevated beta-HCG levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Providing clear liquids only until the patient can swallow solid foods is not recommended as it restricts the patient's diet unnecessarily. In the case of difficulty swallowing after a stroke, it is important to modify the food consistency and provide appropriate techniques to support safe swallowing. Limiting the patient to clear liquids only could lead to inadequate nutrition and hydration. Instead, it is important to modify the diet consistency and use strategies such as altering the food presentation, having the patient swallow twice after each bite, placing food on the unaffected side of the mouth, and checking for pocketing of food to help prevent aspiration.