Diabetes has become a major health problem. How can healthcare professionals help to reduce the incidence of diabetes?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because increasing community awareness of diabetes prevention can help educate the public on lifestyle changes and risk factors. This empowers individuals to make healthier choices, ultimately reducing the incidence of diabetes. Conducting extensive screening (A) focuses on detection rather than prevention. Facilitating the implementation of a specific act (B) may not be feasible or effective in all settings. Establishing support groups (C) is beneficial for those already diagnosed but does not directly address prevention on a larger scale.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Consider food preferences of family members. This is not the best approach because addressing nutrition problems related to non-communicable diseases requires focusing on evidence-based strategies that prioritize health outcomes over personal preferences. A: Aim for ideal body weight is important for overall health. C: Build healthy nutrition-related practices promotes long-term positive habits. D: Choose food wisely emphasizes making informed choices. B, however, may lead to compromising nutritional quality for taste preferences, which can hinder efforts to combat non-communicable diseases effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of steps in active management of the third stage of labor includes: 1) Intramuscular injection of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, 2) Controlled cord traction with counter traction to the uterus to facilitate placental delivery, and 3) Uterine massage to aid in uterine contraction and reduce bleeding. Rationale for Correct Answer (C): - Intramuscular oxytocin is administered first to prevent excessive bleeding. - Controlled cord traction with counter traction assists in the gentle delivery of the placenta. - Uterine massage helps the uterus contract and reduce the risk of hemorrhage. Summary of Incorrect Choices: - A (Incorrect): Incorrect order of steps, ergometrine administration is not recommended. - B (Incorrect): Incorrect order, fundal massage should be done after cord traction. - D (Incorrect): Incorrect order, oxytocin should be administered before cord traction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Massage the uterus. This is the first action to take as uterine massage helps to contract the uterus, which can help stop the bleeding. By massaging the uterus, you are promoting the expulsion of any retained products and enhancing uterine tone. Calling for help is essential for additional support. Inserting a urinary catheter (B) is not the priority in managing postpartum bleeding. Starting an IV (C) may be necessary to administer medications, but addressing the bleeding is the immediate priority. Checking the placenta for completeness (D) is important but not the first step in managing postpartum bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Soak in 0.5% chlorine solution for 30 minutes. This is the most effective method for handling contaminated instruments as it allows enough time for the chlorine solution to effectively disinfect the instruments and kill any pathogens present. Washing with soap and water alone may not be sufficient to completely sterilize the instruments. Soaking for a longer duration (30 minutes) ensures thorough disinfection. Options A and D are similar but do not provide an adequate soaking time, which may result in incomplete disinfection. Option C of boiling for 2 hours is unnecessary and may damage the instruments.