ATI RN
NCLEX Questions Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
Dexamethasone used as adjunctive therapy in bacterial meningitis to diminish the incidence of hearing loss and neurologic deficits resulting from
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dexamethasone reduces hearing loss in H. influenzae type b (B) meningitis, with strongest evidence, per AAP guidelines, though also used in S. pneumoniae (E).
Question 2 of 5
In pulmonary tuberculosis, most infectious patients become noninfectious after starting effective treatment within
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary TB patients are typically noninfectious after 2 weeks (A) of effective treatment, per WHO/CDC.
Question 3 of 5
A 16-month-old child presented with history of a flu-like illness followed by harsh cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, low-grade fever, and respiratory distress. Of the following, the MOST characteristic radiographic finding is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The steeple sign (B) on X-ray, showing subglottic narrowing, is characteristic of croup, per radiology.
Question 4 of 5
A 14-year-old adolescent boy presented with malaise, dry cough, and mild shortness of breath for 1 week. Frontal chest radiograph shows a diffuse pattern of increased interstitial markings, including Kerley lines. Of the following, the MOST likely micro-organism causing this condition is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (C) causes atypical pneumonia with interstitial markings in teens, per radiology and epidemiology.
Question 5 of 5
A 9-month-old infant presented with low grade fever, repeated vomiting for 3 days followed by frequent loose bowel motions; the stool test was negative for blood and leukocytes, and there is no history to suggest contaminated food ingestion. Of the following, the MOST likely etiological cause
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rotavirus (A) is the top cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants, with watery diarrhea and no blood/leukocytes, per pediatric ID.