ATI RN
Questions Neurological System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Deuterium oxide and inulin are injected into a normal 30-year-old man. The volume of distribution of deuterium oxide is found to be 42 L and that of inulin 14 L.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deuterium oxide distributes throughout total body water (TBW), while inulin distributes only in extracellular fluid (ECF). The intracellular fluid (ICF) volume is calculated as TBW - ECF. Here, TBW = 42 L and ECF = 14 L, so ICF = 42 - 14 = 28 L. This calculation is based on the principle that deuterium oxide measures all body water, while inulin is restricted to the extracellular compartment.
Question 2 of 5
The following are neurotransmitters in the autonomic ganglia:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter in autonomic ganglia, where it mediates synaptic transmission between pre- and post-ganglionic neurons. GABA, noradrenaline, and 5-HT are not involved in ganglionic transmission.
Question 3 of 5
An increase in intra-ocular pressure occurs with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intraocular pressure increases during normal blinking, coughing, and hypercarbia due to changes in intrathoracic pressure and blood flow.
Question 4 of 5
A 33-year-old female presents with drooping of her eyelid that seem to occur while reading or watching television. This appears to get worse later in the day. She also reports that at times she sees "double." A few weeks ago, she was prescribed an antibiotic medication for a urinary tract infection. She does not recall the name of the antibiotic. On physical exam, bilateral ptosis, with the left affected more than the right is seen. Pupillary function intact. A glove is filled with ice, and subsequently applied to the patient's eyelid. After two minutes, the patient's ptosis has improved. Which of the following is most likely to yield rapid symptom improvement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of ptosis and diplopia that worsen with activity and improve with rest are classic for myasthenia gravis. The ice pack test, which improves ptosis, further supports this diagnosis. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as pyridostigmine, are the first-line treatment for symptomatic improvement in myasthenia gravis. Corticosteroids and plasma exchange are used for long-term management or severe cases, while thymectomy is a surgical option for thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.
Question 5 of 5
The home health nurse is caring for the client newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which client issue is of most importance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Expressing feelings of hopelessness or suicidal ideation requires immediate intervention to ensure the client's safety and provide emotional support.