ATI RN
Genitourinary System Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Desmopressin reduces urine volume in which of the following condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Desmopressin reduces urine volume by mimicking the effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In central diabetes insipidus, there is a deficiency of ADH production, so desmopressin can help by supplementing ADH. In renal diabetes insipidus, the kidneys do not respond to ADH, so desmopressin would not be effective. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because desmopressin does not address the underlying issue of kidney insensitivity to ADH. Choice C is incorrect because desmopressin is effective only in central diabetes insipidus. Choice D is incorrect because desmopressin is effective in central diabetes insipidus.
Question 2 of 5
One of your patients is awaiting laboratory results for kidney function. The patient has recently recovered from a streptococcal throat infection. The patient has most likely developed symptoms of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glomerulonephritis. Streptococcal infection can lead to poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), an immune-mediated inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. This results in hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema. Pyelonephritis (choice A) is a bacterial infection of the kidneys, not related to streptococcal infection. Nephrolithiasis (choice B) is the formation of kidney stones, which is not directly linked to streptococcal infection. Chronic renal failure (choice C) is a long-term decline in kidney function, not typically caused by streptococcal infection.
Question 3 of 5
Which laboratory result is of most concern for a patient with cystitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a urine bacteria count of 100,000 colonies/mL indicates a significant bacterial infection, which is concerning for cystitis. This result suggests an active infection in the urinary tract, requiring prompt treatment. A: Serum WBC of 9000/mm³ is within the normal range and may not necessarily indicate an active infection. B: Urinalysis with 1-2 WBCs present is also within the normal range and may not be indicative of an acute infection. D: Serum hematocrit of 36% is a measure of the proportion of red blood cells in the blood and is not directly related to cystitis.
Question 4 of 5
If necessary, your physician can increase your dose up to 40 mg per day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The statement indicates the possibility of increasing the dose up to 40 mg, implying that it is within the physician's discretion. Step 2: The use of the word "can" suggests the potential for the physician to make such an adjustment. Step 3: The phrase "if necessary" implies that the dose adjustment will be based on the individual's specific needs. Step 4: Therefore, it is true that the physician has the authority to increase the dose up to 40 mg per day based on the patient's condition and requirements.
Question 5 of 5
The right atrium myocytes secrete atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) when there is increased plasma volume. What actions does ANP take to produce a large volume of dilute urine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibits renin. ANP inhibits renin release, which leads to decreased aldosterone secretion. This results in decreased reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, promoting excretion of sodium and water, ultimately producing a large volume of dilute urine. Summary: B: Increases ADH - ANP actually opposes the action of ADH, which promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys. C: Inhibits angiotensin II action - ANP does inhibit the action of angiotensin II, but this does not directly lead to the production of dilute urine. D: Decreases sodium excretion - ANP actually increases sodium excretion by inhibiting renin and aldosterone, leading to decreased reabsorption of sodium.