Desmond Manderson argues that the portrayal of drugs as having almost demonic powers is prevalent not only in cultural representations of illicit drugs but also in:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Desmond Manderson argues that the portrayal of drugs as having almost demonic powers is prevalent not only in cultural representations of illicit drugs but also in drug legislation. This is because drug laws often criminalize drug use, perpetuating the idea of drugs as inherently evil. Hippie communes focus more on drug use as a means of spiritual exploration rather than demonizing drugs. Kantian philosophy emphasizes rationality and autonomy, not drug portrayal. Catholic theology may view drug use as a sin, but does not necessarily attribute demonic powers to drugs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: depression. Hypothyroidism and Parkinson's disease can both lead to symptoms of depression due to their impact on neurotransmitters and hormones. Hypothyroidism can cause fatigue, weight gain, and mood changes, while Parkinson's disease can lead to decreased dopamine levels, affecting mood. Bipolar disorder (B) is not directly associated with these conditions. Schizophrenia (C) is a separate mental health disorder with different symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (D) is more related to experiencing a traumatic event, not specifically linked to hypothyroidism or Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased weight. Orlistat works by inhibiting the absorption of dietary fats in the intestines, leading to reduced calorie intake and ultimately weight loss. This is the intended therapeutic effect of orlistat. A: Increased wakefulness - Orlistat does not affect wakefulness. B: Increased appetite - Orlistat actually helps reduce appetite by promoting a feeling of fullness. D: Decreased hyperactivity - Orlistat does not have any direct impact on hyperactivity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L. Low potassium levels can increase the toxicity of cardiac glycosides as they compete for the same binding sites on cardiac cells leading to enhanced drug effects. Potassium plays a crucial role in cardiac function, and low levels can potentiate the risk of cardiac glycoside toxicity. This can result in serious cardiac arrhythmias and even cardiac arrest. Summary: - Choice B: Potassium level 4.9 mEq/L is within normal range and would not increase toxicity. - Choice C: Sodium level 140 mEq/L is not directly related to cardiac glycoside toxicity. - Choice D: Calcium level 10 mg/dL is not typically associated with increased toxicity of cardiac glycosides.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Diuretics can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to a drop in blood pressure upon standing. Step 2: Orthostatic hypotension increases the risk of falling and injury, especially in older adults. Step 3: By instructing the patient to take extra precautions when standing up, the nurse helps prevent falls and injuries. Step 4: This teaching point is crucial for promoting the patient's safety and independence at home. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because the timing of diuretic intake with meals is not as critical as preventing falls. Choice B is incorrect as skipping doses can lead to uncontrolled hypertension. Choice C is incorrect because stopping the medication abruptly can have negative consequences and potassium supplements may not be necessary. Choice D is correct as it addresses the potential side effect of orthostatic hypotension and emphasizes safety measures.