ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Degenerative diseasmay affect gray matter (neuronal degenerative disorders), white matter (leukodystrophies), or both gray and white matter. Of the following, the LEAST likely applicable diagnostic tool of neurodegenerative disorders is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Brain biopsy is least likely for neurodegenerative diagnosis, per neurology, due to invasiveness and nonspecificity versus MRI showing atrophy, or enzyme tests (C-D-E) identifying metabolic defects (e.g., lysosomal in Tay-Sachs). Biopsys risk makes A the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A child involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) is currently on a backboard with a cervical collar in place and has been diagnosed with a cervical fracture. Which would the nurse expect to find in the childs plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining spinal stabilization with methylprednisolone and ranitidine fits a cervical fracture post-MVA, per trauma protocols. Stabilization (collar, backboard) prevents cord injury; methylprednisolone reducinflammation (controversial but historically used); ranitidine protects against steroid-induced ulcers. Removing collar or all stabilization (C, D) risks movement; halo traction is later. Bs comprehensive approach, aligned with ATLS, makes itthe correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A child with cerebral palsy (CP) has been fitted for bracand is beginning physical therapy to assist with ambulation. The parents ask why he needs bracwhen he was previously crawling without any assistive devices. Select the nursbest response.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As your child grows, different muscle groups may need more assistance is best, per CP literature. CP is nonprogressive (A false), but spasticity or weakness shifts with growth, necessitating bracfor ambulation. Most children overgeneralizes; fall prevention is secondary. Bs developmental focus makes itthe correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Brain damage in a child who sustained a closed-head injury can be caused by which factor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreased perfusion and increased metabolic needs cause brain damage in closed-head injury, per trauma texts. Edema or hematoma reducblood flow while injury spikdemand, leading to ischemia. Other options (A-C) mismatch physiology. Ds mechanism makes itthe correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 1-year-old diagnosed with viral encephalitis is being cared for. The parents ask if their child will be admitted to the hospital. Select the nursbest response.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PICU admission for monitoring is best for viral encephalitis in a 1-year-old, per pediatric texts, due to risks like ICP or respiratory compromise. Home (A, D) underestimatseverity; antibiotics are for bacteria. Cs vigilance makes itthe correct answer.