Deficiency of this mineral results in tetany, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and rickets.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Calcium. Calcium deficiency can lead to various health issues such as tetany, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets. Tetany is characterized by muscle spasms and contractions due to low calcium levels affecting the nervous system. Osteomalacia is softening of the bones in adults, while osteoporosis is a condition of weakened bones prone to fractures. Rickets is a bone deformity seen in children due to poor mineralization of bones. Vitamin D (option A) is essential for calcium absorption but its deficiency leads to conditions like rickets and osteomalacia, not tetany or osteoporosis. Iron (option B) deficiency leads to anemia, not the mentioned symptoms. Sodium (option D) imbalance can cause issues like hyponatremia or hypernatremia, not the specific mineral-related conditions mentioned. Educationally, understanding the role of minerals like calcium in the body is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam. It helps in recognizing symptoms of deficiencies and providing appropriate interventions to prevent complications. This knowledge is vital in promoting optimal patient outcomes and overall health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a client with a right rib fracture and closed pneumothorax, the correct position is the left side lying position with the head of the bed elevated 15-30° (Option C). Placing the client in this position helps to optimize lung expansion on the unaffected side, increasing ventilation-perfusion matching and improving oxygenation. This position also helps to reduce the risk of lung collapse on the affected side and minimizes the potential for further complications like atelectasis. Option A (Modified Trendelenburg's position with the lower extremities elevated) is incorrect as it primarily affects venous return and would not directly benefit lung expansion in this scenario. Option B (Reversed Trendelenburg's position with the head down) is not appropriate as it may increase pressure on the chest and compromise breathing efforts. Option D (Semi to high Fowler's position, tilted toward the right side) is also incorrect as it would not facilitate optimal lung expansion on the unaffected side and could potentially exacerbate the client's condition. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning in respiratory conditions is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals. It ensures optimal patient care and safety by promoting effective respiratory function and preventing complications. By knowing the correct positioning for specific conditions, healthcare providers can implement evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes and overall quality of care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Performing an emergency cricothyrotomy is a critical skill in situations where a patient’s airway is compromised. The correct landmark for this procedure is option A) Inferior to the thyroid cartilage. This is because the cricothyroid membrane is located between the cricoid and thyroid cartilage, making it the ideal site for this emergency airway procedure due to its accessibility and minimal risk of damaging vital structures. Option B) Superior to the thyroid cartilage is incorrect because performing a cricothyrotomy at this level would not provide easy access to the airway and may result in complications due to the proximity of the hyoid bone. Option C) Just inferior to the cricoid cartilage is incorrect as it is too low and may lead to injury to the cricoid cartilage itself, which can be damaging and less effective in securing a patent airway. Option D) Between the thyroid membrane is incorrect because the cricothyroid membrane, not the thyroid membrane, is the intended landmark for a cricothyrotomy. In an educational context, understanding the correct anatomical landmarks for procedures like cricothyrotomy is crucial for nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam and for real-world emergency situations. Proficiency in this skill ensures that nurses can effectively manage airway emergencies and potentially save lives.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Arytenoid. In the context of the larynx, the arytenoid cartilage is a paired structure that plays a crucial role in vocal cord movement and sound production. The arytenoid cartilages are pyramid-shaped and sit atop the cricoid cartilage. They are connected to the vocal cords and help with their abduction and adduction, which are essential for speech and breathing control. Option B) Thyroid is incorrect as it is a single cartilage in the larynx, not paired. The thyroid cartilage forms the Adam's apple and provides protection to the larynx. Option C) Cricoid is incorrect because, although it is a single cartilage, it is located below the thyroid cartilage and is important for maintaining the patency of the airway. Option D) Epiglottis is incorrect as it is a leaf-shaped structure that acts as a lid over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food or liquids from entering the airway. Understanding the paired and unpaired laryngeal cartilages is crucial for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam as it helps in understanding the anatomy and function of the larynx, which is essential for respiratory health and speech production. This knowledge is fundamental in assessing and managing patients with respiratory issues or speech disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist used in the treatment of asthma. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators that play a crucial role in asthma pathophysiology. By blocking leukotriene receptors, Zafirlukast helps reduce inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the airways, thus improving asthma symptoms and control. A) Salbutamol is a short-acting beta-agonist that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, providing quick relief of asthma symptoms, but it does not target leukotrienes. B) Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid that helps reduce airway inflammation in asthma by suppressing the immune response, but it does not act on leukotriene receptors. D) Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer that prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, but it does not specifically target leukotriene receptors like Zafirlukast does. Understanding the mechanisms of action of different asthma medications is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to make informed decisions in managing asthma effectively. Knowing which medications target specific pathways in asthma can help tailor treatment plans to individual patient needs, optimizing asthma control and improving patient outcomes.