ATI RN
Caring for a Newborn who is Experiencing Complications ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
Decreased surfactant production in the preterm lung is a problem because
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse during expiration. This helps maintain alveolar stability and prevents atelectasis. Option B is incorrect because surfactant actually reduces alveolar permeability. Option C is incorrect as surfactant does not dilate bronchioles but affects alveolar stability. Option D is incorrect as surfactant's main role is in reducing surface tension, not in transporting oxygen.
Question 2 of 5
A characteristic of a post-term infant who weighs 7 lb, 12 oz, and who lost weight in utero, is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: lack of subcutaneous fat. Post-term infants who have lost weight in utero typically have decreased subcutaneous fat deposition, leading to a lean appearance. This is due to prolonged gestation and increased metabolic demands. Option A is incorrect as soft and supple skin is not specific to post-term infants. Option B is incorrect because a hematocrit level of 55% is not typical for a post-term infant. Option D is incorrect as an abundance of vernix caseosa is typically present in preterm infants, not post-term infants. Thus, the lack of subcutaneous fat is the most characteristic feature in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
In caring for the post-term infant, thermoregulation can be a concern, especially in an infant who also has a(n)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, blood glucose level of 25 mg/dL. Low blood glucose levels can lead to hypoglycemia, which can impair thermoregulation in infants. Hypoglycemia affects the body's ability to produce heat and maintain body temperature. A high hematocrit level (choice A) or RBC count (choice B) would not directly impact thermoregulation. Similarly, a high WBC count (choice C) is more indicative of an infection rather than a direct effect on thermoregulation. Therefore, the correct concern for thermoregulation in a post-term infant would be a low blood glucose level.
Question 4 of 5
What will the nurse note when assessing an infant with asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction, the head appears large compared to the rest of the body due to preferential brain sparing. This is a result of inadequate nutrient supply to the fetus, leading to the brain receiving more nutrients at the expense of the body. Choice A is incorrect because in asymmetric growth restriction, body parts are not proportionate. Choice B is incorrect because extremities being disproportionate is not a characteristic of asymmetric growth restriction. Choice D is incorrect because the asymmetry in growth is primarily related to the head-body disproportion, not one side of the body being smaller.
Question 5 of 5
Following the vaginal birth of a macrosomic infant, the nurse should evaluate the infant for
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: clavicle fractures. Macrosomic infants are at increased risk for birth injuries, such as clavicle fractures, due to their larger size during vaginal birth. This evaluation is crucial for early detection and appropriate management. Incorrect choices: A: Hyperglycemia is not typically a direct concern following vaginal birth of a macrosomic infant. C: Hyperthermia is not a common issue in this scenario unless there are other contributing factors. D: An increase in red blood cells is not a primary concern immediately after birth and is not specifically related to macrosomia.