Death from thiamine deficiency is usually due to

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, thiamine deficiency can lead to a serious condition known as beriberi. In this context, death from thiamine deficiency is usually due to cardiac involvement, making option A the correct answer. Thiamine is essential for proper heart function, and without it, cardiac complications can arise, such as heart failure and arrhythmias. Option B, infections, is not directly related to thiamine deficiency but can be a consequence of weakened immune function resulting from prolonged deficiency. Option C, repeated lactic acidosis, is a metabolic consequence of thiamine deficiency but is not the primary cause of death. Option D, renal involvement, is not a common cause of death in thiamine deficiency compared to cardiac complications. Educationally, understanding the consequences of thiamine deficiency in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers caring for children with gastrointestinal disorders. Recognizing the importance of timely thiamine supplementation can prevent severe complications like cardiac issues and ultimately save lives. This knowledge is essential for safe and effective pediatric nursing care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) blindness. Cerebral folate deficiency is a neurological condition that primarily affects the brain. Clinical features of this condition include developmental delay, seizures, spasticity, and cognitive impairment. However, blindness is not a commonly associated feature of cerebral folate deficiency. Option B) microcephaly is a possible clinical feature of cerebral folate deficiency due to the impact on brain development and growth. Option C) ataxia is also a common feature, as it refers to difficulties with coordination and movement that can be seen in individuals with this condition. Option D) ballismus, which is characterized by involuntary flinging movements of the limbs, can also be present in cerebral folate deficiency due to the neurological involvement. Educationally, understanding the clinical features of cerebral folate deficiency is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly those working with pediatric patients. Recognizing these symptoms can aid in early diagnosis and appropriate management to improve patient outcomes. Remembering the atypical features, like blindness in this case, is also important to differentiate cerebral folate deficiency from other conditions with similar presentations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric healthcare, understanding the correct dietary intake of essential nutrients like folate is crucial for ensuring optimal growth and development in infants. The correct answer to the question is A) 80 microgm/day. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for folate in infants is lower compared to older children and adults due to their smaller size and metabolic needs. At eight months of age, infants typically rely on breast milk or formula as their primary source of nutrition. Both breast milk and infant formula are designed to provide the necessary nutrients for infants, including folate. Option B) 150 microgm/day, C) 200 microgm/day, and D) 300 microgm/day are higher than the recommended least reference dietary intake for an eight-month-old infant. Excessive intake of folate in infants can lead to potential adverse effects. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare providers and caregivers to follow the recommended guidelines to prevent complications related to nutrient imbalances. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding age-specific nutritional requirements in pediatric patients. Healthcare professionals working with infants must be knowledgeable about appropriate dietary recommendations to promote healthy growth and development. By selecting the correct answer, healthcare providers can ensure they are providing evidence-based care that meets the unique needs of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 0.5 microgm/day for the reference dietary intake of cobalamin for a healthy eight-month-old infant. Cobalamin, also known as Vitamin B12, is essential for neurological development and the production of red blood cells in infants. Option A is correct because infants require a small amount of cobalamin for their growth and development at this age. The recommended intake of cobalamin for infants is low compared to older children and adults due to their specific nutritional needs. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest higher daily intakes of cobalamin which are not appropriate for an eight-month-old infant. Excessive intake of cobalamin can lead to toxicity and potential health risks in infants. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with pediatric populations, to have a clear understanding of the specific nutritional requirements for infants at different stages of development. This knowledge is essential for providing appropriate care and ensuring optimal growth and development in infants. Understanding the appropriate reference dietary intake of nutrients like cobalamin is vital for promoting the health and well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In understanding the question regarding the recognized causes of craniotabes in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders for the NCLEX exam, it is essential to delve into each option to provide a comprehensive rationale. Option A: Rickets is a recognized cause of craniotabes due to its impact on bone health and development. Rickets can lead to softening of the bones, including those in the skull, which can manifest as craniotabes. Option B: Syphilis can also cause craniotabes as the disease affects multiple organ systems, including bones. In infants born to mothers with untreated syphilis, craniotabes can develop as a result of the infection. Option C: In a normal newborn, craniotabes can be present as a transient condition due to the skull bones being soft and pliable during the early postnatal period. This is considered a normal variant and typically resolves on its own without intervention. Option D: Sotos syndrome is not a recognized cause of craniotabes. Sotos syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by overgrowth during childhood, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. It does not typically present with craniotabes as a symptom. Educational Context: Understanding the differential causes of craniotabes is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the various etiologies of craniotabes can aid in early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and monitoring of affected children. This knowledge is pertinent for nurses, nurse practitioners, and other healthcare professionals caring for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal disorders.