ATI RN
Questions in Epidemiology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Data collected through which of the following methods is commonly used for surveillance? (Choose one wrong answer)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surveillance uses vital records (A), notifications (C), and surveys (D). Trials (B) are research-specific.
Question 2 of 5
A female client develops a fungal vaginal infection after being treated with antibiotics for strep throat. Which component of the epidemiological triangle is primarily responsible?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infectious diseases are the result of interaction among the human host, an infectious agent, and the environment, which surrounds the human host and where transmission is occurring. This interaction is pictured in the epidemiological triad of agent, host, and environment also discussed in Chapter 5. The antibiotic therapy eliminated a specific pathological agent, but it also may alter the balance of normally occurring organisms in the woman's body, which caused a change in the vaginal environment, allowing normally present fungi to proliferate, resulting in a yeast infection.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement best explains how infectious diseases are different from any other health problem?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because of their potential to spread and cause communitywide or worldwide emergencies, infectious diseases require organized, public efforts for their prevention and control. Most human diseases (e.g., cancer or diabetes) can be classified as personal health problems. Individuals with a personal health problem can be treated by the health care system one person at a time. By contrast, infectious diseases are categorized as public or community health problems.
Question 4 of 5
People were very concerned about another outbreak of swine flu. All care providers were asked to report, without individual names, any new cases to the public health department for tracking. Which would be most helpful for the local media to report to keep citizens informed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: As only new cases were being reported to the health department, the media could only report the ongoing incidence rate, that is, the number of new cases reported each day. The prevalence rate is the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given point in time which would not assist in knowing the number of new cases. Those infected with the flu may or may not be hospitalized or have died from the flu.
Question 5 of 5
A researcher is examining potential risk factors in comparison with disease at a specific time through collecting data regarding current exercise, sleep patterns, and current health status among 12-year-olds. Which research study would be most appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: By definition, a cross-sectional study examines relationships between potential causal factors and disease at a specific time. A prospective study monitors a group of disease-free individuals to determine if and when disease occurs. A retrospective study compares individuals with a particular condition or disease with those who do not have the disease. A true experiment involves both an experimental group who receives an intervention and a control group who does not receive an intervention.