Damage to the phrenic nerves would

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Damage to the phrenic nerves would result in the inability to fully expand the diaphragm, leading to reliance on costal breathing. This is because the phrenic nerves innervate the diaphragm, the main muscle of respiration. Without proper diaphragmatic function, the individual would have difficulty engaging in effective diaphragmatic breathing. Therefore, choice C is correct. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because damage to the phrenic nerves would not directly impact the respiratory rate, tidal volume, or pressure differences between the lungs and the outside air. These functions are more related to overall respiratory control and lung mechanics, which are not solely dependent on the phrenic nerves.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: paired arytenoid cartilage. These cartilages are triangular and play a crucial role in adjusting the tension and position of the vocal cords, thus affecting voice pitch and quality. The thyroid cartilage (A) is a large shield-shaped cartilage, the corniculate cartilage (C) is small and horn-shaped, and the cricoid cartilage (D) is a ring-shaped cartilage. These cartilages do not directly influence the vocal cords' tension and position.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the oropharynx contains both palatine tonsils (choice A) and lingual tonsils (choice B). Palatine tonsils are located on the sides of the oropharynx and lingual tonsils are located at the base of the tongue. Pharyngeal tonsils (choice C) are also known as adenoids and are located in the nasopharynx, not the oropharynx. Therefore, choices A, B, and C alone are incorrect. Choice D is correct because both palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils are present in the oropharynx.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To determine the correct oxygen flow for a simple face mask, you should increase it from the previous nasal cannula rate. As simple face masks deliver oxygen less efficiently, a higher flow rate is needed to maintain the same oxygen concentration. Moving from 3 L/min nasal cannula to a simple face mask, you should increase the flow to 6 L/min to ensure adequate oxygen delivery to the patient with chronic airflow limitation. Choices A and B are incorrect as decreasing or keeping the flow the same would not provide sufficient oxygen. Choice C is also incorrect as increasing it to 4 L/min may not be enough to compensate for the decreased efficiency of the simple face mask.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because avoiding salted nuts helps reduce sodium intake, which is crucial for managing hypertension. Salt can increase blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as chicken and fish can be part of a healthy diet. Choice C is incorrect as sugary beverages can worsen hypertension. Choice D is incorrect as excessive caffeine intake can raise blood pressure. In summary, choice A is the most effective as it directly addresses reducing sodium intake, which is essential for managing hypertension.