Damage to the anterior portion of which lobe can cause asterogenesis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal lobe. Asterogenesis is the inability to recognize familiar objects by touch. Damage to the frontal lobe can disrupt sensory integration and impair perception. The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions, including problem-solving, judgment, and decision-making. Damage to the temporal, parietal, or occipital lobes would not directly affect tactile object recognition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sulfamide. Sulfamide is an enzyme inhibitor that works by blocking the activity of specific enzymes, interfering with their function. This disrupts the normal biochemical processes in the body. A, Sulfaurea, is a medication used to treat diabetes by stimulating insulin release and is not an enzyme inhibitor. B, Smoking, is not an enzyme inhibitor but rather a harmful habit that can lead to various health issues. C, Rifampin, is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis, not by directly inhibiting enzymes in the body. In summary, Sulfamide is the correct answer as it directly inhibits enzyme activity, whereas the other choices do not function in the same way.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dopamine. An increase in dopamine levels can lead to hallucinations and psychosis. Dopamine is involved in regulating mood, emotions, and perception. Excess dopamine can disrupt these functions, leading to psychotic symptoms. Serotonin (A) is primarily associated with mood regulation, not hallucinations. Acetylcholine (B) is involved in memory and muscle control, not typically linked to hallucinations. GABA (D) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neuronal excitability, not associated with hallucinations or psychosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An overactive mesolimbic pathway is associated with excess dopamine activity, leading to hallucinations and psychosis. Dopamine dysregulation in this pathway can cause positive symptoms like hallucinations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they are not directly linked to mesolimbic pathway dysfunction. Dystonia and akathisia (A) are motor side effects often associated with antipsychotic medications. Sexual dysfunction (B) may be caused by medications or psychological factors. Negative symptoms (C) are associated with hypoactivity in the mesocortical pathway, not the mesolimbic pathway.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clozapine. Clozapine is known to cause agranulocytosis, a serious condition characterized by a low absolute neutrophil count. Monitoring of absolute neutrophil count is required to detect this potentially life-threatening side effect. Brexpiprazole, Risperidone, and Olanzapine are not associated with the same risk of agranulocytosis, so routine monitoring of absolute neutrophil count is not necessary for these medications.