Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because an increase in weight indicates fluid retention. In this case, the weight increased from 97.5 kg to 99 kg, suggesting a gain of 1.5 kg, which corresponds to fluid retention of 1.5 liters. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the situation described in the question. Choice A does not account for fluid retention, choice C suggests fluid loss despite weight gain, and choice D mentions insensible losses which are not relevant to the weight gain observed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal ultrasound. Renal ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure commonly used to assess kidney function by visualizing the size, shape, and structure of the kidneys. It can detect abnormalities such as kidney stones or cysts. A: Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) is an imaging test that provides information on the size and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder but does not directly assess kidney function. B: X-ray can show the outline of the kidneys but is not specific for evaluating kidney function. D: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a more detailed imaging technique that can provide information about kidney structure but is not typically used as a first-line diagnostic tool for routine kidney function assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: intracellular fluid. This is because approximately 2/3 of the body's water is found within the cells (intracellular fluid), making it the largest compartment. Synovial fluid (A) is found in joints, plasma (B) is the liquid part of blood, and interstitial fluid (C) is the fluid between cells. While all compartments play important roles, intracellular fluid contains the majority of the body's water.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF increases. This creates an osmotic gradient for water to move from the ICF to the ECF through osmosis, in an attempt to balance the osmolarity between the two compartments. This results in an increase in the volume of the ECF and a decrease in the volume of the ICF. Choices B and C are incorrect because the ECF becomes more concentrated, not dilute, and the osmolarity of the ECF increases instead of dropping. Choice D is incorrect as there is no direct relationship between water loss from the ECF and an increase in the volume of the ICF.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because when the rate of CO2 removal by the lungs is less than the rate of CO2 production by the tissues, more CO2 accumulates in the body. This excess CO2 leads to an increase in carbonic acid formation, which then dissociates into H+ ions and bicarbonate ions. Therefore, the amount of H+ generated from CO2 increases in this scenario. Choice A is incorrect because protein catabolism and anabolism are not directly related to the generation of H+ from CO2. Choice B is incorrect as a slower rate of protein catabolism compared to anabolism does not impact CO2 levels and H+ generation. Choice C is incorrect because a higher rate of CO2 removal by the lungs would lead to a decrease in CO2 levels, resulting in less H+ generation.