ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than the intravenous and oral intake. The weight yesterday was 97.5 kg. This morning it is 99 kg. The nurse understands that this corresponds to a(n)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: fluid retention of 1.5 liters. The weight gain of 1.5 kg (99 kg - 97.5 kg) indicates fluid retention. This is because 1 kg of weight gain is roughly equivalent to 1 liter of fluid retention. Therefore, a weight gain of 1.5 kg corresponds to fluid retention of 1.5 liters. Choice B is incorrect because a weight gain indicates fluid retention, not fluid loss. Choice C is incorrect as it implies equal intake and output, which is not the case here. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests fluid loss, which contradicts the weight gain observed.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is admitting a 72-year-old patient from the health care provider's office to the medical/surgical unit. The patient was alert until recently and has
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the manifestations described in the answer choice are indicative of potential complications in the patient's health status. Elevated pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure suggest physiological stress. Distended neck veins may indicate fluid overload or heart failure. Pale, cool skin can imply poor perfusion. Weight loss could suggest malnutrition. Bilateral rhonchi indicate respiratory issues. Increased heart rate and weak, thready pulse may indicate inadequate cardiac output. Hyperactive bowel sounds could indicate gastrointestinal distress. Deep respirations may suggest metabolic acidosis. Pitting edema of lower extremities may indicate fluid retention or heart failure. Therefore, option B encompasses a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition, reflecting potential underlying issues that need to be addressed. Other choices do not provide a comprehensive assessment or do not address the patient's current health status.
Question 3 of 5
The charge nurse assigned the care of a patient with acute kidney failure and hypernatremia to a newly graduated RN. Which actions can the new RN delegate to the assistive personnel (AP)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Assessing daily weights for trends can be delegated to assistive personnel (AP) as it involves a straightforward task of measuring and recording weights. Step 2: Providing oral care every 3 to 4 hours is a task that APs can handle as it does not require specialized nursing knowledge. Step 3: Monitoring for indications of dehydration can be delegated to APs as it involves observing and reporting visible signs and symptoms. Step 4: Helping the patient change position every 2 hours is a task that APs can perform to prevent pressure ulcers and promote circulation. Step 5: Recording urine output when the patient voids can be delegated to APs as it is a task that involves measuring and documenting output.
Question 4 of 5
On average, how much of the body is composed of water?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 60 percent. Water makes up about 60% of the human body, serving essential functions like regulating temperature, transporting nutrients, and removing waste. This percentage varies slightly based on factors like age and gender but generally remains around 60%. Choice A (10%) is too low; the body needs more water to function properly. Choice B (20%) is also too low, as it underestimates the significant role of water in the body. Choice C (40%) is closer but still underestimates the actual percentage of water in the body. Ultimately, D (60%) is the most accurate representation of the average water content in the human body.
Question 5 of 5
What term is synonymous with the fluid component of blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: plasma. Plasma is the fluid component of blood, containing water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. It constitutes about 55% of blood volume. Interstitial fluid (B) is found between cells, not in the blood. Extracellular fluid (C) includes both plasma and interstitial fluid. Lymph (D) is a clear fluid derived from interstitial fluid that flows in lymphatic vessels.