Cystinuria is characterized by

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cystinuria is a genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal transport of the amino acid cystine in the kidneys and bladder, leading to the formation of cystine stones in the urinary tract. The correct answer, "D) alkaline urine," is the characteristic feature of cystinuria. In this condition, due to the high pH of the urine, cystine becomes less soluble and precipitates out, forming stones. Option A, "X-linked recessive inheritance," is incorrect because cystinuria is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning both parents must pass on a mutated gene for a child to be affected. Option B, "decreased cystine urinary excretion," is also incorrect as cystinuria is characterized by increased cystine excretion. Option C, "renal tubular acidosis," is not associated with cystinuria as it is a separate kidney disorder involving a problem with the kidney tubules and acid-base balance. In an educational context, understanding the pathophysiology of cystinuria is crucial for pediatric genitourinary nurses to provide appropriate care and interventions for pediatric patients with this condition. Nurses need to be aware of the characteristic features of cystinuria to assist in diagnosis, management, and prevention of complications such as kidney stones in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding conditions like multicystic dysplastic kidneys is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, C) autosomal dominant inheritance, is right because multicystic dysplastic kidneys are not inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; instead, they are typically sporadic, arising from abnormal fetal kidney development. This condition is usually unilateral (A) and has an incidence of 1:2,000 (B), making options A and B accurate. Educationally, knowing the genetic implications of multicystic dysplastic kidneys helps nurses provide accurate information to families and tailor care plans effectively. Understanding the incorrect options reinforces the importance of recognizing common characteristics and inheritance patterns of pediatric renal conditions, facilitating prompt diagnosis and intervention. This knowledge is essential for pediatric nurses to deliver optimal care and support to patients and their families facing genitourinary challenges.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTIs) is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, D) Henoch-Schonlein purpura, is not a known risk factor for UTIs. Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a systemic vasculitis that primarily affects the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys, but it is not directly associated with an increased risk of UTIs. A) Pinworms can lead to periurethral irritation and increase the risk of UTIs due to poor hygiene practices associated with itching in the perianal area. B) Constipation can contribute to UTIs by causing urinary stasis and incomplete bladder emptying, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth. C) Pregnancy, though not applicable in a pediatric context, is a well-known risk factor for UTIs in adult women due to hormonal changes and physical pressure on the bladder. Educationally, understanding these risk factors helps nurses in pediatric genitourinary care to assess, prevent, and manage UTIs effectively. By differentiating between conditions that do and do not increase UTI risk, nurses can tailor interventions to promote urinary tract health in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct next step in managing a 10-year-old with acute testicular pain and swelling not relieved by acetaminophen is to immediately refer the child to a urologist (Option C). This is the correct choice because acute testicular pain in pediatric patients can be a medical emergency due to the risk of testicular torsion, which is a surgical emergency that requires prompt intervention to preserve testicular viability. Referring the child to a urologist ensures timely evaluation and appropriate management to prevent potential complications. Applying ice (Option A) may provide symptomatic relief for minor injuries or inflammation, but it is not appropriate for managing a potentially serious condition like testicular torsion. Checking for a history of Chlamydia (Option B) is not the most urgent or appropriate action in this acute scenario, as the focus should be on immediate evaluation by a specialist. Performing laparoscopy (Option D) is an invasive procedure that is not indicated as the initial step in managing acute testicular pain in a pediatric patient. In an educational context, understanding the urgency of evaluating acute testicular pain in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers working in pediatric genitourinary nursing. Prompt recognition and appropriate referral for conditions like testicular torsion can help prevent complications and preserve the patient's health. It is essential for nurses to be familiar with the appropriate steps to take in such emergent situations to ensure the best outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding mesangial cell diseases is essential for providing effective care. In this context, the correct answer, option B - membranous nephropathy, is not associated with mesangial cell disease. Membranous nephropathy primarily involves the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, rather than direct involvement of mesangial cells. Option A, IgA nephropathy, is a common mesangial cell disease characterized by the deposition of IgA antibodies in the mesangium. This condition directly affects mesangial cells and is a leading cause of glomerulonephritis in children. Option C, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, specifically involves the proliferation of mesangial cells within the glomerulus. This condition leads to an increase in mesangial matrix and cellularity, impacting renal function. Option D, diabetic nephropathy, is associated with glomerular changes due to chronic hyperglycemia. While it primarily affects the glomerular capillaries, mesangial expansion is a common feature in advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy. Educationally, understanding the distinctions between these diseases is crucial for pediatric genitourinary nurses to provide accurate assessments, interventions, and patient education. By grasping the specific pathology of each condition, nurses can tailor their care plans to meet the unique needs of pediatric patients with mesangial cell diseases.