Cystic fibrosis can present with all the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. In this case, the correct answer is C) rectal polyposis. This is because rectal polyposis is not a typical presentation of cystic fibrosis. Option A) salt depletion is a common symptom in cystic fibrosis due to the body losing excessive amounts of salt through sweat. Option B) pansinusitis can occur in cystic fibrosis due to chronic sinus infections. Option D) pancreatitis can also be seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis due to thick mucus blocking the pancreatic ducts. Educationally, understanding the unique manifestations of cystic fibrosis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing these signs and symptoms can aid in early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes. By differentiating between common and uncommon presentations, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to children with cystic fibrosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Elevated iron-binding capacity. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, leading to the accumulation of iron in the lungs. This results in iron deficiency anemia, not an elevated iron-binding capacity. A) microcytic hypochromic anemia is a classic finding in IPH due to chronic blood loss and iron deficiency. B) elevated reticulocyte count occurs as a compensatory mechanism for anemia, as the body tries to produce more red blood cells. C) normal plasma bilirubin is expected in IPH as there is no direct involvement of the liver in this condition. Educational Context: Understanding the classic laboratory findings of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these findings can aid in early diagnosis and prompt intervention to prevent complications associated with chronic iron deficiency anemia and recurrent alveolar hemorrhages. Nurses play a key role in monitoring and managing the care of children with respiratory conditions, making knowledge of IPH essential in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The least likely cause of hemothorax in children is costal exostoses (Option A). Costal exostoses are benign bony growths on the ribs and are not typically associated with the development of hemothorax. Rupture of an aneurysm (Option B) can lead to hemothorax due to the leakage of blood into the thoracic cavity. Blood dyscrasias (Option C), such as hemophilia or thrombocytopenia, can result in impaired clotting mechanisms, increasing the risk of hemothorax. Intrathoracic neoplasms (Option D), such as lung cancer or metastatic tumors, can cause bleeding into the pleural space, leading to hemothorax. Educationally, understanding the various causes of hemothorax in children is crucial for pediatric nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam. Recognizing the less common causes, like costal exostoses, helps nurses differentiate between potential etiologies of hemothorax and provide appropriate care and interventions based on the underlying cause.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common physical finding on exam is tachypnea (Option B). This is because BPD is a chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature infants who have undergone mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a hallmark sign of respiratory distress in these patients due to the impaired lung function and structural changes in the airways. Option A, dyspnea, may also be present in BPD, but tachypnea is more characteristic and prevalent in these patients. Dyspnea refers to difficult or labored breathing, which can occur in various respiratory conditions but is not as specific to BPD as tachypnea. Option C, mouth breathing, is not a primary physical finding in BPD. While some infants with respiratory issues may exhibit mouth breathing, it is not as common or specific to BPD as tachypnea. Option D, increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, is more commonly associated with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or barrel chest in adults. In BPD, the chest may appear hyperinflated due to air trapping, but this is not typically described as an increased anteroposterior diameter. In an educational context, understanding the key physical findings in BPD is vital for nurses caring for premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Recognizing tachypnea as a prominent sign of respiratory distress in BPD can help nurses provide timely interventions and support to optimize patient outcomes. This knowledge enhances the quality of care and improves patient safety in managing infants with BPD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) CD can include the entire gut from mouth to anus. In Crohn's disease (CD), inflammation can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications. This distinguishes CD from ulcerative colitis (UC), which is limited to the colon. Understanding this distinction is crucial in diagnosing and managing these two types of inflammatory bowel diseases. Option A) UC involves only the colon is incorrect because UC is indeed limited to the colon, but CD can involve multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract beyond the colon. Option C) Both A and B is incorrect because while UC involves only the colon, CD is the condition that can involve the entire gut from mouth to anus. Combining both statements is misleading and inaccurate. Option D) None of the above is incorrect as we have established that CD can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract, making option B the correct choice. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the differences between UC and CD in terms of their patterns of gastrointestinal involvement. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, who may encounter patients with these conditions in a clinical setting. Understanding these distinctions can aid in providing appropriate care, education, and support to patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.