ATI RN
Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Cushing syndrome and Addison’s disease are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because both Cushing syndrome and Addison's disease are disorders of the adrenal cortex. Cushing syndrome involves excessive cortisol production, while Addison's disease is characterized by insufficient cortisol production. Both conditions directly affect the adrenal cortex, leading to hormonal imbalances. Choice A is incorrect because Cushing syndrome involves hyperfunction, not hypofunction. Choice B is incorrect as it states hypersecretion, which is true for Cushing syndrome but not for Addison's disease. Choice C is incorrect because while replacement cortisol therapy is used for Addison's disease, it is not the only treatment option, and it does not apply to Cushing syndrome.
Question 2 of 5
How do hormones from the thyroid and parathyroid regulate the calcium concentration of the blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland and lowers blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in bones. Step 2: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid gland and raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. Step 3: Since Calcitonin lowers blood calcium and PTH raises blood calcium, choice A is correct. Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide inaccurate information about the roles of calcitonin, PTH, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine in regulating blood calcium levels.
Question 3 of 5
The endocrine gland(s) referred to as the 'master gland' is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is located at the base of the brain and is divided into two parts: anterior and posterior. The anterior pituitary gland produces and releases several important hormones that influence other endocrine glands. The other choices (A: pancreas, B: adrenal glands, C: thyroid gland) do not have the same broad regulatory control over the endocrine system as the pituitary gland.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following hormones is released in response to a nerve impulse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is released in response to a nerve impulse to regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Nerve impulses trigger the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland. Cortisol (B) is released in response to stress, testosterone (C) is a sex hormone, and insulin (D) is released in response to high blood sugar levels, not nerve impulses.
Question 5 of 5
The primary role of the parathyroid gland is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To regulate serum calcium levels. The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium levels in the blood. PTH increases calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines, and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary function of the parathyroid gland is specifically related to calcium regulation, not general metabolic homeostasis, signaling to other glands, or receiving signals from the hypothalamus.