ATI RN
Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Corticosteroids are absolutely contraindicated in which of the following types of tuberculosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Intestinal Rationale: 1. Corticosteroids suppress the immune system. 2. Intestinal tuberculosis can lead to perforation, and corticosteroids can mask symptoms and worsen the condition. 3. Miliary and meningeal TB benefit from corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. 4. Renal TB is treated with antibiotics, not corticosteroids. Summary: - A: Corticosteroids are not contraindicated in miliary TB. - B: Corticosteroids are beneficial in meningeal TB. - C: Corticosteroids can worsen intestinal TB. - D: Renal TB is treated with antibiotics, not corticosteroids.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following antimicrobial drug combination does NOT exhibit supraadditive synergism?:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nalidixic acid + Nitrofurantoin. This combination does not exhibit supraadditive synergism because both drugs have similar mechanisms of action targeting bacterial DNA synthesis. In contrast, the other choices involve drug combinations with different mechanisms of action which result in synergistic effects, making them more effective against a wider range of microbes. Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid work together to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, Pyrimethamine + Sulfadoxine target folate biosynthesis pathways, and Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim inhibit sequential steps in bacterial folic acid synthesis. Therefore, A is the correct answer as the combination lacks synergy due to overlapping mechanisms of action.
Question 3 of 5
Which one of the following bactericidal antimycobacterial drugs binds to S12 ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis when injectable drug is needed and also effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis drug, can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptomycin. Streptomycin binds to the S12 ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis in mycobacteria. It is effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis and is used as an injectable drug. Streptomycin is known to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects. Choice B: Ethambutol inhibits cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria, not protein synthesis. Choice C: Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in the cell wall of mycobacteria. Choice D: Rifampicin inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following antifungal agent act as fungicidal by inhibiting the synthesis of β1,3 glucan used for the disseminated mucocutaneous Candida infections?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Caspofungin is the correct answer as it inhibits the synthesis of β1,3 glucan in fungal cell walls, leading to cell lysis and death. 2. Amphotericin B acts by binding to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, disrupting membrane integrity (fungistatic). 3. Flucytosine is converted to 5-fluorouracil inside fungal cells, inhibiting DNA synthesis (fungistatic). 4. Ketoconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis, disrupting membrane function (fungistatic).
Question 5 of 5
A patient was treated with digoxin and he develop signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity caused by furosemide therapy. What did the diuretic most likely do to precipitate the digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: C: The diuretic furosemide causes potassium loss (hypokalemia), which can lead to increased toxicity of digoxin. Low potassium levels can enhance the effects of digoxin, resulting in digoxin toxicity. Summary: A: Hypocalcemia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity. B: Hyponatremia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity. D: This choice is incorrect as hypokalemia is a known risk factor for digoxin toxicity.