Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because inhalation actually provides rapid access to the general circulation due to the large surface area and rich blood supply in the lungs. A is correct as intravenous administration is the fastest route. B is correct as intramuscular administration necessitates a sterile technique to prevent infection. D is correct as subcutaneous administration can cause local irritation due to the injection site. Thus, C is the incorrect statement as inhalation does not provide slow access to the general circulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiovascular collapse. Universal anesthetic refers to a local anesthetic that can potentially affect all systems, including the cardiovascular system, leading to cardiovascular collapse. This answer is correct as it aligns with the term "universal anesthetic." Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to the concept of a universal anesthetic. Seizures and respiratory failure are not exclusive to a universal anesthetic, and D, "All of the above," is incorrect as it includes options that are not directly related to the term "universal anesthetic."

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pancuronium. It is a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant that works by blocking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle relaxation. Succinylcholine (B) is a depolarizing muscle relaxant that causes initial muscle depolarization before relaxation. Hexamethonium (C) is a ganglionic blocking agent used for hypertension. Scopolamine (D) is an anticholinergic drug used for motion sickness. Thus, the correct choice is A as it specifically acts as a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant by blocking acetylcholine receptors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Succinylcholine. Succinylcholine can increase intraocular pressure, which is dangerous for patients with glaucoma. This is due to its depolarizing mechanism of action, causing muscle fasciculations and potential pressure build-up in the eye. A: Tubocurarine is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent and not contraindicated in glaucoma. C: Pancuronium is a nondepolarizing agent and does not have a significant effect on intraocular pressure. D: Gallamine is a nondepolarizing agent and is not contraindicated in glaucoma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Ephedrine is preferable for chronic orthostatic hypotension because it acts as a sympathomimetic by increasing both norepinephrine and epinephrine release, thus improving blood pressure regulation over time. Epinephrine (A) has a short duration of action and may lead to tachycardia. Norepinephrine (B) primarily acts on alpha receptors, which may cause vasoconstriction and worsen orthostatic hypotension. Salmeterol (D) is a long-acting beta-2 agonist used in asthma, not suitable for orthostatic hypotension.