Correct statements about glucocorticoids include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Glucocorticoids do have anti-inflammatory effects, not pro-inflammatory effects. Glucocorticoids work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. This is why they are commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and asthma. Choices A, B, and D are correct statements about glucocorticoids. Choice A is correct because glucocorticoids exert their effects by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, which are part of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Choice B is correct because glucocorticoids do have dose-related metabolic effects on carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. Choice D is correct because glucocorticoids do have catabolic effects in various tissues such as lymphoid and connective tissue, muscle, fat, and skin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Beri-beri is indeed a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, endemic in eastern and southern Asia, and characterized by neurological symptoms, cardiovascular abnormalities, and edema. This is the classic definition of Beri-beri. Choice B is incorrect because it describes angular stomatitis, which is caused by a deficiency of riboflavin, not thiamine as in Beri-beri. Choice C is incorrect because it describes cheilosis, a disorder of the lips associated with riboflavin deficiency, not thiamine deficiency as seen in Beri-beri. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it aligns with the classic presentation and etiology of Beri-beri.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. HDL is a lipoprotein associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease due to its small amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides. It is also known as alpha-lipoprotein. Choice B is incorrect as it describes LDL, not HDL. Choice C is incorrect because high amounts of cholesterol are associated with LDL, not HDL. Choice D is incorrect as it describes chylomicrons, not HDL.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sulfinpyrazone. This drug is an uricosuric agent that works by increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine, thereby reducing serum uric acid levels. Allopurinol (A) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. Colchicine (C) is used for gout but does not directly impact uric acid levels. Indomethacin (D) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can help with gout symptoms but does not affect uric acid excretion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, as hypocalcemia in adults can result from various causes. Hypoparathyroidism leads to decreased parathyroid hormone and calcium levels. Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption. Renal failure and malabsorption can disrupt calcium balance. Therefore, all options A, B, and C contribute to hypocalcemia in adults. Other choices are incorrect because they do not comprehensively cover the major causes of hypocalcemia in adults.