ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Safety Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Correct statements about fluoride include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it presents incorrect information about fluoride. Subjects living in areas with naturally fluoridated water actually have fewer dental caries, not more. This is due to the protective effect of fluoride on teeth. The other choices are correct: A) Fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries by strengthening the enamel, B) Fluoride does accumulate in bones and teeth, enhancing their strength, and D) Chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride can lead to skeletal fluorosis, not just crippling fluorosis. Therefore, C is the only statement that contradicts established facts about fluoride.
Question 2 of 5
Amfotericin B has the following unwanted effects:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Amphotericin B is known to cause renal impairment and anemia due to its nephrotoxicity and bone marrow suppression. 2. Renal impairment can lead to electrolyte imbalances and decreased kidney function. 3. Anemia can result from bone marrow toxicity, leading to decreased red blood cell production. 4. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as psychosis, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and bone marrow toxicity are not commonly associated with Amphotericin B use. Summary: The correct answer is B because Amphotericin B is most notably known for causing renal impairment and anemia, while the other choices are not typically associated with its unwanted effects.
Question 3 of 5
Tick the drug used for trypanosomosis treatment:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Melarsoprol. Melarsoprol is an arsenical compound used specifically for the treatment of trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma parasites. It is effective in treating both forms of the disease, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). Metronidazole (B) is used for treating anaerobic bacterial infections, not trypanosomiasis. Tetracycline (C) is an antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, but not against trypanosomiasis. Quinidine (D) is used to treat malaria and certain heart rhythm disorders, but not trypanosomiasis.
Question 4 of 5
Tick the anticancer alkylating drug, a derivative of alkylsulfonate:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Busulfan. Busulfan is an alkylating agent that works by attaching alkyl groups to DNA, preventing cancer cell growth. Fluorouracil (A) is a pyrimidine analog, Carboplatin (B) is a platinum-based compound, and Vinblastine (C) is a vinca alkaloid - all these are not alkylating agents. Busulfan is specifically derived from alkylsulfonate, making it the correct choice for an anticancer alkylating drug.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely added to the patient's therapy resulting in his present complaint?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Verapamil. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can cause constipation, which is a common complaint in patients. Hydralazine (A) can cause reflex tachycardia, Propranolol (B) is a beta-blocker that can cause bradycardia, and Clonidine (D) is an alpha-2 agonist that can cause hypotension. Therefore, based on the patient's complaint of constipation, Verapamil is the most likely drug added to the patient's therapy.