Correct statements about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin include all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and insulin therapy, the correct statement about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin not being able to be administered orally (Option D) is justified due to its protein structure being destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, rendering it ineffective if taken orally. Option A is incorrect as crystalline zinc insulin can indeed serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes, especially in cases where rapid-acting insulin is needed. Option B is also incorrect as crystalline zinc insulin is not typically administered intravenously; it is usually given subcutaneously for better absorption. Option C is incorrect as crystalline zinc insulin is classified as short-acting insulin due to its onset of action within 30 minutes to an hour, making it unsuitable for oral administration due to its rapid absorption rate. Educationally, understanding the routes of administration and characteristics of different types of insulin is crucial for healthcare professionals in managing diabetes effectively. It is essential for students to grasp the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin to make informed decisions in clinical practice and provide optimal care for patients with diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Dimedrol. Dimedrol, also known as diphenhydramine, is noted for its ulcerogenic effect due to its anticholinergic properties, which can inhibit mucosal protection in the stomach. Diazoline (A), Loratadine (B), and Suprastine (C) are not associated with ulcerogenic effects as they do not possess strong anticholinergic properties like Dimedrol. Diazoline is a histamine H1 antagonist used for allergies, Loratadine is a non-sedating antihistamine, and Suprastine is an antihistamine with antiallergic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because night blindness (Hemeralopia, Nyctalopia) is a condition where vision is normal in daylight but weak or lost in dim light due to vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is essential for the conversion of light into electrical signals in the retina, crucial for night vision. Choice A refers to extreme dryness of the conjunctiva, not night blindness. Choice B describes xerophthalmia, a condition associated with severe vitamin A deficiency leading to corneal issues, not night blindness. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately defines night blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Familial chylomicronemia (type I) is indeed caused by a deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity. Lipoprotein lipase is essential for breaking down chylomicrons, which are fat particles in the blood. Without enough lipoprotein lipase activity, chylomicrons accumulate in the blood, leading to symptoms of type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Therefore, the deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity is the primary cause of familial chylomicronemia. Summary of other choices: B: FALSE - This is incorrect as the deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity is the cause of familial chylomicronemia. C: All - This is incorrect as not all choices are correct. Only choice A is true. D: None - This is incorrect as choice A is true.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases serum calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption of calcium. Step 2: PTH decreases serum phosphate levels by promoting renal excretion of phosphate. Step 3: Therefore, the statement that PTH increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate is true. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the actions of PTH. Step 5: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the effects of PTH on serum calcium and phosphate levels.