Contributary factors for the development of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) include the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the contributory factors for the development of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is crucial for providing effective care to infants. In this question, the correct answer is B) dehydration during the 1st days of life. Dehydration is not a known contributing factor for the development of BPD. A) Immaturity is a well-known risk factor for BPD as premature infants with underdeveloped lungs are more susceptible to this condition. C) Chorioamnionitis, an infection of the fetal membranes during pregnancy, can lead to inflammation and damage to the developing lungs, increasing the risk of BPD. D) Malnutrition can also contribute to the development of BPD as inadequate nutrition can impair lung development and function. Educational context: By understanding the specific factors that contribute to BPD, nurses can implement preventive measures and appropriate interventions to reduce the incidence and severity of this condition in neonatal patients. It is essential for pediatric nurses to have a comprehensive knowledge of neonatal conditions like BPD to provide optimal care and support to infants in their care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The apt test, also known as the activated partial thromboplastin time test, is useful for diagnosing coagulation disorders by assessing the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade. In the context of pediatric nursing, this test is particularly important in newborns to detect conditions like hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, which is characterized by vitamin K deficiency leading to abnormal bleeding. Option A) Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) is a condition where the body's clotting process is activated abnormally, leading to excessive clot formation and consumption of clotting factors. The apt test is not specific to diagnosing DIC, which typically requires a combination of tests looking at various clotting factors. Option B) Swallowed blood syndrome is not a recognized medical condition. There is no specific test associated with this term in clinical practice. Option D) Neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura involves a low platelet count in newborns, leading to a risk of bleeding. While the apt test may provide some information about the clotting process, it is not the primary test used for diagnosing thrombocytopenia. In pediatric nursing, understanding the indications and interpretation of coagulation tests like the apt test is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns and children with bleeding disorders. Recognizing the specific conditions for which these tests are useful helps nurses intervene promptly and appropriately to manage and treat these conditions, ultimately ensuring better outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the agents that commonly cause nosocomial neonatal infections is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns. The correct answer, option D) Gonococci, is a significant pathogen that can cause infections in newborns, especially through vertical transmission during childbirth if the mother is infected. Option A) Group B streptococci is a common cause of neonatal infections, but it is typically acquired from the mother during childbirth rather than nosocomially. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (option B) are common skin flora and can cause infections, but they are not typically associated with nosocomial neonatal infections. Option C) Proteus is not a common agent in nosocomial neonatal infections. Educationally, understanding the specific pathogens that can cause infections in newborns helps nurses and healthcare providers in implementing appropriate infection control measures, early identification of infections, and prompt treatment to prevent complications in vulnerable neonates. It also highlights the importance of maternal screening and prophylaxis to prevent neonatal infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the normal progression of umbilical cord separation is crucial in identifying potential underlying abnormalities. The correct answer is C) 30 days. The umbilical cord typically falls off within 1-4 weeks after birth. If the cord persists beyond 30 days, it could indicate an underlying issue such as an umbilical granuloma, umbilical hernia, or an infection. Prompt evaluation and intervention may be necessary to prevent complications. Option A) 10 days is too early for the cord to have naturally separated, making it incorrect. Option B) 20 days is closer to the normal range but still early for consideration of an abnormality. Option D) 40 days is too late and could lead to delays in addressing any underlying issues. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of monitoring umbilical cord separation in newborns. It highlights the significance of recognizing potential abnormalities and the need for timely intervention. Understanding these timelines and potential complications is essential for pediatric nurses to provide quality care to newborns and their families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding somatoform disorders is crucial for providing holistic care to children. The correct answer is A) recurrent abdominal pain. This symptom is often present during early childhood because young children may have difficulty expressing their emotions verbally and instead manifest psychological distress through physical complaints like stomach aches. Headaches (option B) and insomnia (option D) are more commonly associated with older children and adolescents. Neurologic symptoms (option C) are less typical of somatoform disorders in early childhood compared to recurrent abdominal pain. Educationally, recognizing age-related manifestations of somatoform disorders helps nurses differentiate between normal physical complaints and potential psychological issues in children. Understanding these nuances ensures appropriate assessment, intervention, and support for pediatric patients experiencing somatoform disorders.