Contact lenses are associated with

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) giant papillary conjunctivitis. Contact lenses are associated with this condition due to chronic mechanical irritation caused by the lens itself. Giant papillary conjunctivitis is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, leading to symptoms like itching, redness, and mucous discharge. Option A) contact allergy is incorrect because contact lenses typically do not cause an allergic reaction, but rather mechanical irritation. Option B) allergic conjunctivitis is also incorrect as it is usually triggered by allergens such as pollen or pet dander, not by contact lenses. Option C) vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a type of allergic conjunctivitis that mainly affects children and is not directly related to contact lens wear. In an educational context, understanding the complications associated with contact lens use is crucial for pediatric nurses. By knowing the potential risks like giant papillary conjunctivitis, nurses can educate both children and parents on proper contact lens hygiene, usage, and when to seek medical attention if symptoms arise. This knowledge helps in promoting eye health and preventing complications in pediatric patients who wear contact lenses.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) abdominal pain. Acute IgE-mediated food allergies typically manifest with symptoms like urticaria (hives), pruritis (itching), and diarrhea due to the body's immune response to the allergen. Abdominal pain is not a classic symptom of an IgE-mediated food allergy reaction. Urticaria and pruritis are common skin manifestations seen in IgE-mediated food allergies due to the release of histamine in response to the allergen. Diarrhea can occur as the body tries to expel the allergen through the gastrointestinal tract. Educationally, understanding the symptoms of food allergies is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric patients who may have allergies. Recognizing these symptoms promptly can lead to appropriate and timely interventions to prevent severe allergic reactions. It is essential for nurses to be able to differentiate between various symptoms to provide effective care and support to pediatric patients with food allergies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe skin reaction that can be triggered by certain medications. In this case, the correct answer is C) sulfonamide. Sulfonamide antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole, have been associated with causing SJS in pediatric patients. These drugs can lead to a hypersensitivity reaction that manifests as SJS. Option A) dapsone is primarily used in the treatment of leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis; it is not commonly linked to SJS in comparison to sulfonamides. Option B) hydralazine is an antihypertensive medication that is more commonly associated with drug-induced lupus than with SJS. Option D) procainamide is an antiarrhythmic drug that is known to be associated with drug-induced lupus, rather than SJS. Educationally, understanding the medications that can cause severe adverse reactions like SJS is crucial for pediatric nurses. Being able to identify high-risk medications can help prevent adverse events in pediatric patients. Nurses need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of SJS and understand the importance of monitoring patients closely when administering medications known to have this potential side effect. This knowledge can significantly impact patient safety and outcomes in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing practice, understanding different types of immune reactions is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children. In this question, the correct answer is A) serum sickness, which is a classic example of a type III (immune complex) reaction. Serum sickness occurs when there is an excessive immune response to antigens in the blood, leading to the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues and cause inflammation. This reaction is characteristic of type III hypersensitivity reactions, where immune complexes are deposited in various tissues, leading to inflammatory responses. Option B) TB skin test reactions are examples of type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reactions, not type III reactions. These reactions involve T cells and do not typically involve immune complexes. Option C) contact dermatitis (neomycin) is an example of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, specifically a contact hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells. Option D) graft versus-host disease is a complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and is caused by donor T cells attacking the recipient's tissues. This is not an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Understanding the differences between these types of immune reactions is essential for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage various immune-related conditions in children. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each type of hypersensitivity reaction helps nurses provide appropriate care and interventions to pediatric patients experiencing these immune responses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding the rationale behind the use of inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma is crucial. The correct answer, B) "alters the natural history of asthma," is the exception among the advantages of early intervention with inhaled corticosteroids. Explanation: A) "Reduces morbidity": Inhaled corticosteroids help reduce asthma exacerbations, hospitalizations, and overall disease burden, hence decreasing morbidity among pediatric patients with asthma. C) "Reduces airway hyperreactivity": These medications help decrease airway inflammation, which in turn reduces the hyperreactivity of the airways, improving asthma control. D) "Reduces the need for rescue bronchodilator therapy": By managing the underlying inflammation in asthma, inhaled corticosteroids can reduce the reliance on rescue bronchodilators, promoting better long-term asthma control. Educational Context: Understanding the benefits and limitations of inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma management is essential for nurses caring for children with asthma. Early intervention with these medications can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for pediatric patients. It is crucial for nurses to be able to educate patients and families on the rationale behind these treatments to ensure optimal adherence and effectiveness in managing pediatric asthma.