ATI RN
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems Edapt Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Consider these medications: carbamazepine (Tegretol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), gabapentin (Neurontin). Which medication below also belongs with this group?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Valproate (Depakote). Step-by-step rationale: 1. Valproate is an antiseizure medication like carbamazcine, lamotrigine, and gabapentin. 2. All medications listed in the question are commonly used to treat epilepsy. 3. Valproate works by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter GABA, similar to how other medications in the group work. 4. Galantamine is used for Alzheimer's, not epilepsy. Buspirone is an anxiolytic, not an antiseizure medication. Tacrine is also used for Alzheimer's, not epilepsy.
Question 2 of 5
During the immediate postoperative period, the Post Anesthesia Care Unit nurse is assessing a patient who had hip surgery. The patient is experiencing tachycardia, tachypnea, and muscle rigidity, and his temperature is 103° F (39.4° C). The nurse will prepare for what immediate treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: dantrolene (Dantrium) injection, a skeletal muscle relaxant. In this scenario, the patient is likely experiencing malignant hyperthermia (MH), a rare but life-threatening complication of general anesthesia. Dantrolene is the specific treatment for MH as it acts to reduce muscle rigidity and hyperthermia. Naltrexone hydrochloride (A) is used for opioid overdose, not for MH. Anticholinesterase drugs (C) are used for reversing neuromuscular blockade, not for treating MH. CPR and intubation (D) may be needed in severe cases of MH, but the immediate treatment is to administer dantrolene to reverse the condition.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient and notes a new order for an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse checks the current medication orders, knowing that this drug class may have a serious interaction with what other drug class?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). ACE inhibitors can increase the risk of kidney damage when taken with NSAIDs due to their combined effects on renal function. NSAIDs can interfere with the vasodilatory effects of ACE inhibitors, potentially leading to decreased renal blood flow and worsened kidney function. Calcium channel blockers (A), diuretics (B), and nitrates (D) do not have the same significant interaction with ACE inhibitors as NSAIDs do.
Question 4 of 5
A patient calls the clinic office saying that the cholestyramine (Questran) powder he started yesterday clumps and sticks to the glass when he tries to mix it. The nurse will suggest what method for mixing this medication for administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mix the powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. This method is recommended for cholestyramine (Questran) powder as it helps prevent clumping and ensures proper mixing for administration. Mixing with food or fruit can help mask the texture and taste, making it easier for the patient to consume. Additionally, mixing with an adequate amount of fluid ensures the medication is properly dissolved and absorbed in the body. Incorrect choices: A: Mixing with a carbonated soda drink is not recommended as it may not effectively dissolve the powder and may lead to clumping. B: Stirring vigorously may not be sufficient to dissolve the powder properly and could result in clumping. D: Taking the powder dry followed by water is not ideal as it may lead to difficulty swallowing and inadequate absorption of the medication.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is to receive iron dextran injections. Which technique is appropriate when the nurse is administering this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intramuscular injection using the Z-track method. This method helps prevent leakage of the medication into surrounding tissues and minimizes irritation. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Clean the injection site. 2. Pull the skin laterally to create a zig-zag path. 3. Administer the injection deep into the muscle. 4. Hold the needle in place for a few seconds before removing. Summary: A is incorrect because iron dextran is not typically administered intravenously. B is incorrect as intramuscular injections without the Z-track method can lead to leakage and irritation. D is incorrect as iron dextran injections are not given subcutaneously.